The North Group was an intellectual community comprising various writers, artists, philosophers, politicians, and intellectuals from Northern Peru, especially from the La Libertad Region. It was founded in 1915 in the city of Trujillo. At first known as the "Bohemians of Trujillo," the community adopted the name "the North Group" in 1923. [1] Early leaders included journalist Antenor Orrego and poet José Eulogio Garrido. Its most prominent members included poet Cesar Vallejo, politician Victor Raul Haya de la Torre, [2] Alcides Spelucín, Macedonio de la Torre, Juan Espejo Asturrizaga, Francisco Xandóval, and Ciro Alegría. This group inspired the work of Eduardo González Viaña, one of its modern successors.
The North Group was started in order to create artistic and social renewal during the time of global cultural crisis that occurred after the First World War. It was extremely important to the cultural development of Peru, and several of its members were prominent in the fields of literature, philosophy, and social action at the national and international levels.
The North Group, which brought together young students from the National University of Trujillo, was initially led by animator, writer, and philosopher Antenor Orrego. As the author of several books and as the editor of a newspaper and magazine, he led the group in opposition to another trujillano intellectual group, led by the poet Victor Alejandro Hernandez, which was considered to be more traditional and aristocratic. The North Group's purpose, as made explicit later in the prologue to Orrego Trilce (Vallejo poems), was to enhance the "culture and the mental elevation of Trujillo".
The Group adopted the name "Bohemians of Trujillo" following an article written by the poet Juan Parra in Lima magazine (22 October 1916). Parra, who was warmly received on a recent visit to Trujillo, wrote of his admiration for the literary group, calling it by that name. He praised, among others, the poet Vallejo, citing one of his verses.
Representative members of the group and its successors include the following:
César Abraham Vallejo Mendoza was a Peruvian poet, writer, playwright, and journalist. Although he published only two books of poetry during his lifetime, he is considered one of the great poetic innovators of the 20th century in any language. He was always a step ahead of literary currents, and each of his books was distinct from the others, and, in its own sense, revolutionary. Thomas Merton called him "the greatest universal poet since Dante". The late British poet, critic and biographer Martin Seymour-Smith, a leading authority on world literature, called Vallejo "the greatest twentieth-century poet in any language." He was a member of the intellectual community called North Group formed in the Peruvian north coastal city of Trujillo.
Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre was a Peruvian politician, philosopher, and author who founded the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA) political movement, the oldest currently existing political party in Peru by the name of the Peruvian Aprista Party (PAP).
Luis Juan Alva Castro is a Peruvian economist and politician. In his political career, he achieved the government positions of Second Vice President of Peru, Prime Minister of Peru, President of the Congress and among other portfolios during both administrations of President Alan García.
Trujillo is a city in coastal northwestern Peru and the capital of the Department of La Libertad. It is the third most populous city and center of the third most populous metropolitan area of Peru. It is located on the banks of the Moche River, near its mouth at the Pacific Ocean, in the Moche Valley. This was a site of the great prehistoric Moche and Chimu cultures before the Inca conquest and subsequent expansion.
Estadio Mansiche is the largest stadium of the city of Trujillo and the home of the most important football clubs in the city, Carlos A. Mannucci and Universidad César Vallejo. The stadium also has a running track for track and field sports. The stadium is part of the greater Mansiche Sports Complex which includes the Coliseo Gran Chimu, a swimming pool, and other facilities. It has a capacity of a little over 25,000.
Elías Nicolás Rodríguez Zavaleta is a Peruvian lawyer and politician who served in Congress representing La Libertad region from 2006 until the dissolution of Congress by president Martín Vizcarra in 2019.
The National University of Trujillo (UNT) is a major public university located in Trujillo, Peru, capital of the department of La Libertad. The university was founded by Simón Bolívar and José Faustino Sánchez Carrión, who met in Huamachuco; they signed the decree of foundation on May 10, 1824, before Peru's independence from Spain. National University of Trujillo, was the first republican university founded in Peru.
José Luis Vega is a Puerto Rican poet.
Víctor Larco Herrera also called commonly Víctor Larco is a district and a city of the north coast of Peru. It is located on a plain along the Pacific Ocean and is linked by a conurbation with Trujillo in La Libertad region. It is considered one of the 9 districts of the urban area known as Trujillo Metropolitano, one of the most populous metropolitan areas of Peru; it is also one of the 11 districts of Trujillo province. Victor Larco is the district that has the highest human development index (HDI) out of Lima Metropolitana, according to a study published by the United Nations Development Programme. In the early twentieth century, for its mild climate and fresh, it was known as Buenos Aires and then in 1945 got the name of Victor Larco Herrera in memory of the illustrious philanthropist Trujillan who was a benefactor of the city.
Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego is a Peruvian football club, based in the city of Trujillo, La Libertad. It was founded on August 30, 1995. The club changed its name to Sport Coopsol Trujillo in 2001.
The Historic Centre of Trujillo is the main urban area and the most important center of development and unfolding in the Peruvian city of Trujillo located in La Libertad Region. The whole process of its original urban fabric is in elliptical shape surrounded by España Avenue that was built in the wake of the Wall of Trujillo. It houses the seat of city government and other important entities in the locality. In the center of this historic urban area is the Plaza de Armas of Trujillo that was the scene of the Spanish founded of the city in 1534 and the proclamation of the independence of Trujillo on December 29, 1820.
The Paseo de Aguas is a tourist boulevard in Trujillo city in northern Peru. One of its main attractions is the Tunnel of Wishes, formed by arches of water with multicolor effects. It also has a round pool with multicolored jets of water arranged in circular form with spaces where people can walk into the pool. It is located at the intersection of Larco with Victor Raul Haya de la Torre avenues, near Cesar Vallejo University.
Los heraldos negros is the title of a collection of poems written by the Peruvian poet César Vallejo between the years 1915 and 1918 and published in July 1919. It was the first book of Vallejo's to be published. Los heraldos negros is also the name of the first poem in the collection.
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