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The Primary Chronicle, shortened from the common Russian Primary Chronicle, is a chronicle of Kievan Rus' from about 850 to 1110. It is believed to have been originally compiled in or near Kiev in the 1110s. Tradition ascribed its compilation to the monk Nestor beginning in the 12th century, but this is no longer believed to have been the case.
Life of Alexander Nevsky is a Russian literary work of the late 13th and early 14th centuries.
Askold and Dir, mentioned in both the Primary Chronicle, the Novgorod First Chronicle, and the Nikon Chronicle, were the earliest known rulers of Kiev.
Aleksey Aleksandrovich Shakhmatov was a Russian philologist and historian credited with laying the foundations for the science of textology. Shakhmatov held the title of Doctor of Russian language and philology. He was a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1899 and a chair of the Department of Russian language and philology of the Academy of Sciences (1908–1920), a member of the Constitutional Democratic Party (1905) and the Russian Empire State Council (1906–1911).
The Novgorod First Chronicle, also known by its 1914 English edition title The Chronicle of Novgorod, 1016–1471, is the oldest extant Rus' chronicle of the Novgorod Republic. Written in Old East Slavic, it reflects a literary tradition about Kievan Rus' which differs from the Primary Chronicle.
Xenophon of Robeika was a Russian Orthodox monk, later declared a saint. Xenophon took his monastic vows at the Lisitsky Monastery from Abbot Barlaam. Xenophon later became hegumen (abbot) of the Khutyn Monastery. Resigning from this post, he later founded the St. Nicholas Monastery on the Robeika River, close to Novgorod. His relics were placed in the monastery's church, which later became a parish church.
Rusʹ Khaganate, or kaganate of Rus is a name applied by some modern historians to a hypothetical polity suggested to have existed during a poorly documented period in the history of Eastern Europe between c. 830 and the 890s.
The Sofia First Chronicle is a Rus' chronicle from the 15th century associated with the Cathedral of St. Sophia, Novgorod. It is scholarly abbreviated as S1. Its copies exist in two versions: Early Redaction, which ends in 1418, and Later Redaction, with sporadic additions up to 1471, and up to 1508 in one of the copies.
The Novgorod Fourth Chronicle is a Rus' chronicle of the 15th century. It is scholarly abbreviated as N4. It is traditionally called "Fourth" according to the order of the modern publication of Novgorod chronicles, rather than chronologically.
The Battle of Kulikovo was fought between the forces of Mamai, a powerful Mongol military commander of the Golden Horde, and Russian forces led by Grand Prince Dmitry of Moscow. The battle took place on 8 September 1380, at Kulikovo Field near the Don River and was won by Dmitry, who became known as Donskoy after the battle.
The Muscovite War of Succession, or Muscovite Civil War, was a war of succession in the Grand Duchy of Moscow (Muscovy) from 1425 to 1453. The two warring parties were Vasily II, the son of the previous Grand Prince of Moscow Vasily I, and on the other hand his uncle, Yury Dmitrievich, the Prince of Zvenigorod, and the sons of Yuri Dmitrievich, Vasily Kosoy and Dmitry Shemyaka. In the intermediate stage, the party of Yury conquered Moscow, but in the end, Vasily II regained his crown.
The Rus' chronicle, Russian chronicle or Rus' letopis was the primary Rus' historical literature. Chronicles were composed from the 11th to the 18th centuries, generally written in Old East Slavic, about Kievan Rus' and subsequent Rus' principalities and history. They were one of the leading genres of Old Rus' literature in medieval and early modern Eastern and Central Europe.
Palea is a monument or several interconnected monuments of the Old Russian literature, setting out the Old Testament history with additions from apocryphal monuments and some ancient Christian works, as well as with theological reasoning. A number of researchers consider palea as a monument of Byzantine origin, others consider it an ancient Russian work, since its Greek original is unknown.
The calling of the Varangians, calling of the (Varangian) princes or invitation to the Varangians is a legend about the origins of the Rus' people, the Rurik dynasty and the Kievan Rus' state, recorded in many divergent versions in various manuscripts and compilations of Rus' chronicles. These include the six main witnesses of the Primary Chronicle and the Novgorod First Chronicle (NPL), as well as later textual witnesses such as the Sofia First Chronicle and the Pskov Third Chronicle.
The Trinity Chronicle is a Rus' chronicle written in Church Slavonic, probably at the Trinity Lavra near Moscow by Epiphanius the Wise.
Textual criticism or textology of the Primary Chronicle or Tale of Bygone Years aims to reconstruct the original text by comparing extant witnesses. This has included the search for reliable textual witnesses ; the collation and publication of such witnesses; the study of identified textual variants ; discussion, development and application of methods according to which the most reliable readings are identified and favoured of others; and the ongoing publication of critical editions in pursuit of a paradosis.
The Suzdalian Chronicle, also known as the Chronicle of Vladimir-Suzdal, Suzdal–Vladimirian Chronicle or Laurentian–Radziwiłł–Academic Chronicle (LRAC), is a Rus' chronicle. It is one of several continuations of the Primary Chronicle (PVL).
The Lvov Chronicle is a Rus' chronicle from the 16th century, containing annalistic entries until the year 1533. It is named after its discoverer, Nikolay Lvov (1753–1803).
The Chronicler of Pereyaslavl-Suzdal is a short Rus' chronicle. Two late-15th-century manuscripts of it have been preserved, which seem to indicate a close textual relationship with the 13th-century Suzdalian Chronicle after 1157; before 1157, its contents are derivative of the Kievan Chronicle.
The Pskov Chronicles are a set of three Rus' chronicles of the late Middle Ages concerning the Pskov Land and the Pskov Republic that have survived in several manuscripts. They are simply known as the First, Second, and Third Pskov Chronicle, or the Pskov First, Second, and Third Chronicle. At the earliest, the Pskovian chronicle writing tradition emerged in the 13th century, but more likely in the 14th century, as the city of Pskov (Pleskov) was gradually establishing its autonomy and eventual independence from the Novgorod Republic.
References
- Aleksandr Bobrov, "15th Century Novgorod Chronicles", Александр Григорьевич Бобров, "Новгородские летописи XV века", 2001, Институт русской литературы (Пушкинский дом)
- Halperin, Charles J. (2001). "Text and Textology: Salmina's Dating of the Chronicle Tales about Dmitrii Donskoi". Slavonic and East European Review. 79 (2): 248–263. doi:10.1353/see.2001.0046 . Retrieved 17 May 2023.
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