The Armed Proletarian Cells (Italian : Nuclei Armati Proletari, abbreviated NAP) was far-left terrorist group active in Southern Italy, from 1974 to 1977, during the so-called "Years of Lead". NAP was responsible for numerous terrorist acts.
In contrary to the Red Brigades, NAP was structured "horizontally", with independently constituted cells.
Incarcerated members of NAP were looking for new members and supporters among criminal prisoners, defining them as "sub-proletarian class". [1]
Pac or PAC may refer to:
Action Directe was a French far-left militant group that originated from the anti-Franco struggle and the autonomous movement, and was responsible for violent attacks in France between 1979 and 1987. Members of the group considered themselves libertarian communists who had formed an "urban guerrilla organization". The French government banned the group. During its existence, AD's members murdered 12 people, and wounded a further 26. It associated at various times with the Red Brigades (Italy), Red Army Faction, Prima Linea (Italy), Armed Nuclei for Popular Autonomy (France), Communist Combatant Cells, Lebanese Armed Revolutionary Factions, Irish National Liberation Army, and others.
The Nucleo Operativo Centrale di Sicurezza(NOCS) (English: Central Security Task Group) is the police tactical unit of the Polizia di Stato, one of Italy's national police forces. It operates under the command of the Direzione Centrale della Polizia di Prevenzione (English: Central Directorate for the Anti-Terrorism Police).
The Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari, abbreviated NAR, was an Italian neo-fascist armed militant organization active during the Years of Lead from 1977 to November 1981. It committed over 100 murders in four years, and had planned to assassinate the politicians Francesco Cossiga, Gianfranco Fini and Adolfo Urso. The group maintained close links with the Banda della Magliana, a Rome-based criminal organization, which provided such logistical support as lodging, false papers, weapons, and bombs to the NAR. In November 1981, it was discovered that the NAR hid weapons in the basements of the Health Ministry. The first trial against them sentenced 53 people in May 1985 on charges of terrorist activities.
Armed Proletarians for Communism was an Italian far-left terrorist group founded in 1976 and disbanded three years later, during the "Years of Lead".
In Italy, the phrase Years of Lead refers to a period of political violence and social upheaval that lasted from the late 1960s until the late 1980s, marked by a wave of both far-left and far-right incidents of political terrorism and violent clashes.
Revolutionary Cells may mean:
Giuseppe Valerio Fioravanti is an Italian former terrorist and actor, who was a leading figure in the far-right Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari. Fioravanti appeared in films and television at a young age, and was considered the most famous child in Italy. He and Francesca Mambro were fugitives wanted for terrorist offences by their early twenties, and went on the run as suspects in the Bologna bombing. Both were captured after gunfights with police, and later found guilty. They were sentenced to ten life sentences plus 250 years. Fioravanti was released from prison in 2009.
Prima Linea was an Italian Marxist–Leninist terrorist group, active in the country from the late 1970s until the early 1980s.
Margherita Cagol, also known by the war name Mara, was a terrorist and a leader of the Italian far-left urban guerrilla and terrorist organisation the Red Brigades. She was married to Renato Curcio, another leader of this terrorist group.
Alberto Franceschini is a founder and former leading member of the Italian far-left terrorist organization, the Red Brigades, along with Renato Curcio, Margherita Cagol and Mario Moretti.
Alvaro Lojacono is an Italian former communist militant and terrorist.
The Red Brigades was an Italian Marxist–Leninist armed terrorist guerilla group. It was responsible for numerous violent incidents during Italy's Years of Lead, including the kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro in 1978. A former prime minister of Italy through the Organic centre-left, the murder of Aldo Moro was widely condemned, as was the murder of left-wing trade unionist Guido Rossa in January 1979. Sandro Pertini, the then left-wing president of Italy, said at Rossa's funeral: "It is not the President of the Republic speaking, but comrade Pertini. I knew [the real] red brigades: they fought with me against the fascists, not against democrats. For shame!"
Mikis Mandakas was a Greek nationalist student who was murdered by far-left terrorists in Italy during the Years of Lead.
Massimo Carminati, referred by the press as one of "the kings of Rome", and in the context of the onset of the "Mafia Capitale" investigation nicknamed as il Cecato, is an Italian underworld figure and former member of far-right terrorist group Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari and criminal gang Banda della Magliana, which were at the centre of sensational allegations of state collusion and Masonic conspiracy during Italy's Years of Lead. Carminati was investigated for match fixing in 2012. In 2014 he was arrested with 36 others on allegations of running a corrupt network that infiltrated Rome's public administration. He was charged with fraud, money laundering, embezzlement, and the bribing of public officials. In 2017, Carminati was sentenced to 20 years in jail. In 2020, he was released due to the expiry of his pre-trial detention terms.
Terrorism in Italy is related to political and subversive terrorism activities, carried out by various groups and organizations with different and sometimes conflicting methods, motivations and interests. This article is primarily about late 20th-century and early 21st-century terrorism.
The Alex Boncayao Brigade was the urban assassination unit of the New People's Army, the armed wing of the Communist Party of the Philippines. Organized in 1984, the unit broke away from the New People's Army as a consequence of a split in ideology during the 1990s. In 1997, the Alex Boncayao Brigade allied itself with the Revolutionary Proletarian Army, the armed wing of the Revolutionary Workers' Party.
Padrenostro is a 2020 Italian coming-of-age drama film co-written and directed by Claudio Noce. It was selected to be shown in the main competition section of the 77th Venice International Film Festival. At Venice, Pierfrancesco Favino won the Volpi Cup for Best Actor.
Franco Anselmi was an Italian neofascist terrorist who was active in the organization Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari. He was killed during an attempt to rob a gun shop in Rome.
Alessandro Alibrandi was an Italian neofascist terrorist who was active in the organization Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari. He was killed during a firefight with the police in Rome while attempting to steal their weapons.