Obilić Medal

Last updated
Medal for Bravery "Miloš Obilić"
Country Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro
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Established 1847

The Obilić Medal (Serbian : Обилића медаља) or Medal for Bravery "Miloš Obilić" was a medal established by Petar II Petrović-Njegoš as the highest military decoration in Montenegro, based on the cult of national hero Miloš Obilić. [1]

Serbian language South Slavic language

Serbian is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official language of Serbia, co-official in the territory of Kosovo, and one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, it is a recognized minority language in Montenegro where it is spoken by the relative majority of the population, as well as in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.

Petar II Petrović-Njegoš Prince-Bishop of Montenegro

Petar II Petrović-Njegoš, commonly referred to simply as Njegoš (Његош), was a Prince-Bishop (vladika) of Montenegro, poet and philosopher whose works are widely considered some of the most important in Serbian and Montenegrin literature.

Miloš Obilić

Miloš Obilić is said to have been a Serbian knight in the service of Prince Lazar, during the invasion of the Ottoman Empire. He is not mentioned in contemporary sources, but he features prominently in later accounts of the Battle of Kosovo as the assassin of the Ottoman sultan Murad I. Although the assassin remains anonymous in sources until the late 15th century, the dissemination of the story of Murad's assassination in Florentine, Serbian, Ottoman and Greek sources suggests that versions of it circulated widely across the Balkans within half a century after the event.

The official name of the medal was the Medal for Bravery "Miloš Obilić" but it was known as Obilić Medal. [2]

It was established in 1847 and granted to soldiers for the acts of great personal courage, or for personal courage demonstrated on the battlefield, prepared for the movement for liberation and revenge of the Kosovo Battle. [3] Another reason for introduction of this medal by Njegoš was his wish to make warfare against the Ottomans more civilized (to replace customary collection and exhibition of body parts of killed Muslim enemies). [4]

Milan Rešetar was first of many authors who published his belief that the face of Miloš Obilić found on the Medal depicts Njegoš himself. [5]

Milan Rešetar Serbian academic

Milan Rešetar was a Serbian linguist, historian and literary critic.

In 1847, Njegoš decorated Count Grujica (Serbian : Кнез Грујица) with golden Obilić Medal shortly before he died and was buried in front of Vlach Church on Cetinje. [6]

Vlah Church church building in Donji Kraji, Montenegro

The Vlah Church is a Serbian Orthodox church built in 1450 in the village, Donji Kraj, Zeta, Serbian Despotate.

Cetinje Old Royal Capital in Montenegro

Cetinje, is a city and Old Royal Capital of Montenegro. It is also the historic and the secondary capital of Montenegro, where the official residence of the President of Montenegro is located. According to the 2011 census, the town had a population of 14,093 while the Cetinje municipality had 16,657 residents as of 2011.

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Medal for Bravery or Courage, commonly known as the Medal of Miloš Obilić was founded on 12 July 1913 by King Peter I, was granted to soldiers for the acts of great personal courage, or for personal courage demonstrated on the battlefield. The medal is awarded in two degree. Awarding of this medal was started during the Second Balkan War, continued during the World War I 1914-1918, and during the World War II, 1941-1945, as members of the Yugoslav Army, and members of allied forces. On the obverse of the coin is the ideal figure of Miloš Obilić, the Serbian medieval knight who was considered a model of courage and honor. He was killed by Turks during the Battle of Kosovo in 1389, since he having previously cut open the Turkish Sultan Murad I. Since then, he became a model of courageous Serbian warriors, ready to facing the inevitable defeat of sacrificing his own life. Medal for Bravery was worn on the red bar. The author was Đorđe Jovanović. The first medal for bravery was established on 14 November 1912. This medal was two degrees. This Gold medal with is worn on the red bar, and the Silver ribbon (red-blue-white). This medal was granted to very short, and has been superseded by another model. The reason for replacement was the obverse medal in which Serbia was represented by allegorical female figure. The female figure is for the Serbian soldier was unworthy motive on the medal for bravery. The officers was openly expressed dissatisfaction, after which it was decided to change the model.

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References

  1. 100 najznamenitijih Srba. Princip. 1993. p. 57. Али највећу славу Милош Обилић стекао је у Црној Гори. Тамо је стекао култ националног хероја. Петар Петровић Његош установио је Медаљу Обилића за храброст. То је највеће војничко одликовање у Црној Гори.
  2. Vojska. Vojnoizdavački i novinski centar. 1996. p. 32.
  3. Bulletin du Musée etnographique de Cétigné. Muzej. 1963. p. 296. „Обилићеву медаљу" је Његош спремио за ослободилачки покрет, који је имао да освети Косово".58 Оваква композиција ... Међутим, не треба гу- бити из вида да је Обилића медаља основана као највише одлико- вање за показано јунаштво још 1847, ...
  4. ( Durković-Jakšić 1974 , p. 83)
  5. Историски записи. с.н. 1957. p. 289.
  6. ( Lopičić 1973 , p. 487)

Sources