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Sexual slavery and sexual exploitation is an attachment of any ownership right over one or more people with the intent of coercing or otherwise forcing them to engage in sexual activities. This includes forced labor that results in sexual activity,forced marriage and sex trafficking,such as the sexual trafficking of children.
Child sex tourism (CST) is tourism for the purpose of engaging in the prostitution of children,which is commercially facilitated child sexual abuse. The definition of child in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child is "every human being below the age of 18 years". Child sex tourism results in both mental and physical consequences for the exploited children,which may include sexually transmitted infections,"drug addiction,pregnancy,malnutrition,social ostracism,and death",according to the State Department of the United States. Child sex tourism,part of the multibillion-dollar global sex tourism industry,is a form of child prostitution within the wider issue of commercial sexual exploitation of children. Child sex tourism victimizes approximately 2 million children around the world. The children who perform as prostitutes in the child sex tourism trade often have been lured or abducted into sexual slavery.
Enjo kōsai,shortened to enkō (援交),is a type of transactional relationship similar to the Western sugar dating. It is the Japanese language term for the practice of older men giving money and/or luxury gifts to attractive young women for sexual favors. The female participants range from school girls to housewives. The term is often translated as "compensated dating" or "subsidized dating".
Child prostitution is prostitution involving a child,and it is a form of commercial sexual exploitation of children. The term normally refers to prostitution of a minor,or person under the legal age of consent. In most jurisdictions,child prostitution is illegal as part of general prohibition on prostitution.
The Convention Concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour,known in short as the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention,was adopted by the International Labour Organization (ILO) in 1999 as ILO Convention No 182. It is one of eight ILO fundamental conventions.
Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) defines the “umbrella”of crimes and activities that involve inflicting sexual abuse on to a child as a financial or personal opportunity. Commercial Sexual Exploitation consists of forcing a child into prostitution,sex trafficking,early marriage,child sex tourism and any other venture of exploiting children into sexual activities. According to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention,the lack of reporting the crime and “the difficulties associated with identifying and measuring victims and perpetrators”has made it almost impossible to create a national estimate of the prevalence of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in the United States. There is an estimated one million children that are exploited for commercial sex globally;of the one million children that are exploited,the majority are girls.
The Special Rapporteur on the Sale and Sexual Exploitation of Children works on behalf of the United Nations Human Rights Council to investigate the exploitation of children around the world and make recommendations to governments on how to end such practices.
The Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children,Child Prostitution and Child Pornography is a protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child and requires parties to prohibit the sale of children,child prostitution and child pornography.
Prostitution in Guatemala is legal but procuring is prohibited. There is an offence of “aggravated procuring”where a minor is involved. Keeping a brothel is not prohibited.
Prostitution in Mexico is legal under Federal Law. Each of the 31 states enacts its own prostitution laws and policies. Thirteen of the states of Mexico allow and regulate prostitution. Prostitution involving minors under 18 is illegal. Some Mexican cities have enacted "tolerance zones" which allow regulated prostitution and function as red-light districts. In Tuxtla Gutiérrez,capital of the state of Chiapas,there is a state-run brothel at the Zona Galáctica(Galactic Zone). In most parts of the country,pimping is illegal,although pimp-worker relationships still occur,sometimes under female pimps called "madrotas"("Big Mothers"). The government provides shelter for former prostitutes.
Prostitution in Honduras is currently legal,as there is no law prohibiting prostitution. Although similar institutions such as brothel ownership and pimping are illegal in Honduras,prostitution has remained largely unchecked by the government. UNAIDS estimate there to be 22,771 prostitutes in the country.
Laws against child sexual abuse vary by country based on the local definition of who a child is and what constitutes child sexual abuse. Most countries in the world employ some form of age of consent,with sexual contact with an underage person being criminally penalized. As the age of consent to sexual behaviour varies from country to country,so too do definitions of child sexual abuse. An adult's sexual intercourse with a minor below the legal age of consent may sometimes be referred to as statutory rape,based on the principle that any apparent consent by a minor could not be considered legal consent.
The sex industry consists of businesses that either directly or indirectly provide sex-related products and services or adult entertainment. The industry includes activities involving direct provision of sex-related services,such as prostitution,strip clubs,host and hostess clubs and sex-related pastimes,such as pornography,sex-oriented men's magazines,women's magazines,sex movies,sex toys and fetish or BDSM paraphernalia. Sex channels for television and pre-paid sex movies for video on demand,are part of the sex industry,as are adult movie theaters,sex shops,peep shows,and strip clubs. The sex industry employs millions of people worldwide,mainly women. These range from the sex worker,also called adult service provider (ASP),who provides sexual services,to a multitude of support personnel.
Maud de Boer-Buquicchio is a Dutch jurist and former UN Special Rapporteur on the sale of children,child prostitution and child pornography. She served as Deputy Secretary General of the Council of Europe from 2002 and retired from the post in 2012 and was succeeded by Gabriella Battaini-Dragoni.
Child pornography is illegal in most countries,but there is substantial variation in definitions,categories,penalties,and interpretations of laws. Differences include the definition of "child" under the laws,which can vary with the age of sexual consent;the definition of "child pornography" itself,for example on the basis of medium or degree of reality;and which actions are criminal. Laws surrounding fictional child pornography are a major source of variation between jurisdictions;some maintain distinctions in legality between real and fictive pornography depicting minors,while others regulate fictive material under general laws against child pornography.
Prerana is a non-governmental organization (NGO) that works in the red-light districts of Mumbai,India to protect children vulnerable to commercial sexual exploitation and trafficking. It was established in 1986.
The terrorist group,self-proclaimed Islamic State (Islamic State of Iraq and Levant also known as Islamic State of Iraq and Syria has committed several fundamental violations of children's rights in the Middle East,particularly in Iraq and Syria The conventions protecting children's rights is the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. This is the most ratified international human rights treaty in history which established the widely supported view that children and young persons have the same basic general human rights as adults and also specific rights that recognize their special needs. A further two additional protocols were adopted by the UN General Assembly on 25 May 2000 covering the involvement of children in armed conflict and on the sale of children,child prostitution and child pornography. In ISIL's rise in the recent years,they have committed various violations of the and its protocols,which have been signed and ratified by Iraq and Syria.
Child prostitution in Ukraine has been described by Juan Miguel Petit,Special Rapporteur on the Sale of Children,Child Prostitution and Child Pornography for the United Nations,as a major problem in the country.
Najat Maalla M'jid is a Moroccan pediatrician who serves as the United Nations Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence against Children. She was appointed to the role by Secretary-General of the United Nations António Guterres in May 2019. M'jid previously served as the Special Rapporteur on the sale of children,child prostitution and child pornography from 2008 to 2014.
Sex trafficking in Japan is human trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation and slavery that occurs in the country. Japan is a country of origin,destination,and transit for sexually trafficked persons.
References
- 1 2 "Ms Ofelia Calcetas-Santos". United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
- 1 2 "Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children". Office of the High Commissioner. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
- ↑ "UN: Child prostitution on rise". UPI. 1 March 1996. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
- ↑ Deen, Thalif (14 November 1996). "UNITED NATIONS: Rising Demand For Child Sex Blamed on AIDS". Inter Press Service. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
- ↑ "Mexico under fire over child abuse". BBC. 14 November 1997. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
- ↑ Manson, Bill (30 April 1998). "Child Sex in Tijuana". San Diego Reader. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
- ↑ "Sales of Guatemala Babies". New York Times. 15 July 1999. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
- ↑ Campbell, Duncan (13 June 2000). "Guatemala babies 'sold to highest bidders'". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 August 2018.