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Aruba,officially the Country of Aruba is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands physically located in the mid-south of the Caribbean Sea,about 29 kilometres (18 mi) north of the Venezuelan peninsula of Paraguanáand 80 kilometres (50 mi) northwest of Curaçao. It measures 32 kilometres (20 mi) long from its northwestern to its southeastern end and 10 kilometres (6 mi) across at its widest point. Together with Bonaire and Curaçao,Aruba forms a group referred to as the ABC islands. Collectively,these and the other three Dutch substantial islands in the Caribbean are often called the Dutch Caribbean,of which Aruba has about one-third of the population. In 1986,it became a constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands,and acquired the formal name the Country of Aruba.
The Netherlands Antilles was a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The country consisted of several island territories located in the Caribbean Sea. The islands were also informally known as the Dutch Antilles. The country came into being in 1954 as the autonomous successor of the Dutch colony of Curaçao and Dependencies. The Antilles was dissolved in 2010. The Dutch colony of Surinam,although it was relatively close by on the continent of South America,did not become part of the Netherlands Antilles but became a separate autonomous country in 1954. All the island territories that belonged to the Netherlands Antilles remain part of the kingdom today,although the legal status of each differs. As a group they are still commonly called the Dutch Caribbean,regardless of their legal status. People from this former territory continue to be called Antilleans in the Netherlands.
Gilberto François "Betico" Croes was an Aruban political activist who was a proponent for Aruba's separation from the Netherlands Antilles. This eventually occurred in 1986,but following a car accident on 31 December 1985,Croes lapsed into a coma and never became conscious to see his accomplishment. He is best remembered as "Libertador" (liberator) and as father of the Aruban people.
Aruba's Constitution was unanimously approved by all political parties represented in Aruba's Parliament on a January 1,1986,and was proclaimed in the Afkondigingsblad van Aruba,No.26,1985,on January 1,1986.
Fredis Jose Refunjol is an Aruban politician and who served as the 3rd governor of Aruba from 2004 to 2016. Originally a teacher,he has served as a government official for the past twenty years,starting as a member of the Parliament of Aruba.
The Parliament of Aruba is the unicameral legislature or parliament of Aruba. The parliament has 21 members,elected for a four-year term by proportional representation. Each member holds their seats until the parliament is dissolved,which is every four years by a general election. The leader of the party which gains a majority of seats usually becomes the Prime Minister.
The Jakarta Special Capital Region is administratively equal to a province with special status as the capital of Indonesia. Instead of a mayor,the executive head of Jakarta is a governor. The governor of Jakarta is an elected politician who,along with the vice governor and 106 members of the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD),is accountable for the strategic government of the city of Jakarta.
The governor of Aruba is the representative on Aruba of the Dutch monarch. The governor's duties are twofold;he represents and guards the general interests of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and is head of the Aruban government. He is accountable to the government of the kingdom. As the head of the Aruban government,the governor is inviolable;the ministers are responsible. The governor does not have political responsibilities and is not part of the Aruban cabinet. During the formation of a cabinet,the governor plays an important role. The governor is appointed by the monarch for a period of six years. This period can be prolonged for one more term of six years. The governor is supported and advised by the Council of Advice,consisting of at least five members,appointed by the governor,advising him on the drafts of state ordinances,state decrees,kingdom acts and general administrative orders.
Felipe Benito Tromp was the first governor of Aruba after Aruba received a status aparte within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. He worked as a teacher prior to becoming governor and served as Minister for Education in the Antilles (1958–1962). He took office as governor on 1 January 1986 and left office on 12 March 1992. He was succeeded by Olindo Koolman.
Jan Hendrik Albert "Henny" Eman was an Aruban politician and founder of the Aruban People's Party who led the movement for Aruba's autonomy from Curaçao. His grandson went on to become the first Prime Minister of Aruba.
Status aparte refers to the special status of Aruba between 1986 and 2010 as a constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands,separate from the Netherlands Antilles to which it belonged until 1986. With the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles in October 2010,the term status aparte was no longer used,as the status of Aruba was no longer separate,but rather the norm for all countries within the Kingdom.
The governor of Sint Maarten is the representative on Sint Maarten of the Dutch head of state. The governor's duties are twofold:he represents and guards the general interests of the kingdom and is head of the government of Sint Maarten. He is accountable to the government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. As the head of the government,the governor is immune. The governor exercises the executive power under the responsibility of the ministers,who are responsible to the Estates of Sint Maarten. The governor does not have political responsibilities and is not part of the cabinet. During the formation of a cabinet the governor plays an important role. The governor is appointed by the monarch for a period of six years. This period can be prolonged for one more term of six years. The governor is supported by his secretariat the cabinet of the governor,and is advised by the Council of Advice,consisting of at least five members,appointed by the governor,advising him on the drafts of state ordinances,state decrees,kingdom acts and general administrative orders.
Juan Alfonso Boekhoudt is an Aruban politician serving as the governor of Aruba since 1 January 2017. He previously served as minister plenipotentiary from 14 November 2013 to 17 November 2016.
Dominico Felipe "Don" Martina is a Curaçaoan politician. He served two terms as Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles. His first term lasted from November 1979 to October 1984 and his second term from January 1986 to July 1988.
Jaime Mercelino Saleh is a Dutch Antillean politician and former judge. He was a judge on the Joint Court of Justice of the Netherlands Antilles from 1974 to 1990 and was its president from 1979. Saleh subsequently served as Governor of the Netherlands Antilles between 1990 and 2002.
Efraïn Jonckheer was a businessman and politician of the Netherlands Antilles. Jonckheer served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles from 8 November 1954 until 14 February 1968. He served as Minister Plenipotentiary of the Netherlands Antilles from 1968 until 1971,Ambassador of the Netherlands to Venezuela from 1971 until 1976,and to Costa Rica from 1976 until 1982. As of 2022,Jonckheer was the longest serving Prime Minister in the history of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Petrus Albertus "Piet" Kasteel was a Dutch journalist,diplomat,and colonial administrator. He was parliamentary editor of De Maasbode,and fled to England during World War II where he served for the Dutch government-in-exile. He served as Governor of Curaçao and Dependencies from 15 July 1942 until 4 August 1948,Dutch Ambassador to Chile (1948–1956),to Ireland (1956–1966) and briefly to Israel (1966).
Bernadito M. "Ben" Leito was a Curaçaoan economist,politician and administrator. He served as Governor of the Netherlands Antilles from 1970 until 1983,and the Dutch Council of State from 1987 until 1993.
Sylvius Gerard Marie "Boy" Rozendal was an Curaçao politician and journalist. He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles from 1971 until 1975,Minister of Finance and Deputy Prime Minister from 1969 until 1971,and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Netherlands Antilles from 1971 until 1975.
John William Merryweather was an Aruban landscape architect and politician. He served as the first Minister Plenipotentiary of Aruba from 1986 until 1989.
References
- ↑ South America, Central America and the Caribbean, 2002 (10th ed.). London: Europa Publications. 2001. pp. 103–. ISBN 1-85743-121-9.
- 1 2 "Koolman vanaf heden gouverneur van Aruba". Amigoe di Curacao (in Dutch). 29 January 1992. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
- ↑ "Gouverneur wil snel duidelijkheid over Status Aparte" . NRC Handelsblad (in Dutch). 7 March 1992. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
- ↑ "Aruba". Rulers. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
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