Oliver 70 | |
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![]() An Oliver Hart-Parr 70 with a single front wheel and steel rear wheels | |
Type | Row-crop agricultural tractor |
Manufacturer | Oliver Farm Equipment Company |
Production | 1935-1967 |
Length | 91.25 inches (231.8 cm) (wheelbase) |
Weight | 4,400 pounds (2,000 kg) |
Propulsion | Rear wheels |
Engine model | Oliver 3.3L |
Gross power | 33 horsepower (25 kW) |
PTO power | 28.4 horsepower (21.2 kW) (belt) |
Drawbar power | 21.93 horsepower (16.35 kW) |
Drawbar pull | 3,120 pounds (1,420 kg) |
NTTL test | 252 (gasoline) |
Succeeded by | Oliver 77 |
The Oliver 70 series of row-crop tractors was a series of large agricultural tractors produced from 1935 to 1967 by the Oliver Farm Equipment Company. Oliver tractors were known for their powerful engines compared to competitors, and their attention to styling. The Oliver Hart-Parr 70 marked the beginning of a strikingly-styled series of tractors that were produced under both the Oliver and the Cockshutt names. Oliver's emphasis on styling strongly influenced offerings by competing brands such as Farmall and John Deere.
As was the case with most tractor brands of the 1940s and 1950s, tractor offerings were incrementally upgraded under a series of names for essentially the same machine, with changes in styling and the addition of features and power. The 70 was progressively rebranded as the 77, Super 77 and 770 through its life.
The Oliver Hart-Parr 70 was introduced in 1935, with emphasis on the "Oliver" brand. The 70 featured an unprecedented six-cylinder engine, with options for an electric starter and lights. The 70 was offered as a row-crop tractor with narrow front wheels, a standard tractor with a wide front axle, an orchard tractor with wheel skirting and a low profile, and a high-crop tractor with high clearance. The 200-cubic-inch (3,300-cubic-centimetre) displacement engine developed 33 horsepower (25 kW), with four and six-gear transmissions available. The HC engine ran on 70 octane gasoline, providing the "70" series designation. A KD version operated on kerosene and distillate fuel.The tractors were styled with automobile-like sheet metal full hood enclosures, giving them a streamlined look, and car-like controls. A competition was held to determine the 70's paint scheme, with voting at county fair exhibits promoting the tractor. Voting settled on a green body with red trim. The green body color was continued throughout Oliver production. The 70 line was manufactured at Oliver's Charles City, Iowa plant. Despite the 70's features, the model was outsold by the equally innovative and less expensive Ford 9N tractor. [1] [2] [3]
Starting in 1935, the 70 was marketed in Canada by Cockshutt with Cockshutt Hart-Parr branding. Initially sold only in row-crop configuration, it was sold in standard and orchard configurations by 1936. [4]
The 70 was restyled in 1937, with strikingly streamlined sheet metal. The "Hart-Parr" branding was discontinued, and the tractors were sold entirely under the Oliver brand. 70 series tractors were marketed in Canada as Cockshutt tractors. As before, the 70 was offered in row-crop, standard, orchard, and high-clearance models, with the addition of a model optimized for airport use. The newer 70s incorporated standardized configurations for hitch and PTO equipment. The 70 cost about $3,000 in 1954. [5] [3]
The styled Oliver 70 was introduced at the same time in Canada under Cockshutt branding and colors as the Cockshutt 70. All were built in Charles City. Demand was high for the model, and some were delivered in Oliver green and red colors until 1940. [6] [7]
The Oliver 77 was introduced in 1947, replacing the 70 with minimal changes, apart from styling updates, a standard three-point hitch, and an option for an electric equipment lift. Rated for three 14" plows, it was initially offered with gasoline and kerosene/distillate engines. The kerosene/distillate model was replaced with a diesel version in 1949, and an LP gas version was introduced in 1952. Row-crop, standard and orchard models were offered. Production of the 77 ran until 1954. The price in 1954 was approximately $3,000. [8] [9]
The Super 77 was introduced in 1954. A six-cylinder engine continued to be used, with 216-cubic-inch (3,540-cubic-centimetre) displacement and 44 horsepower (33 kW). The engine compartment was no longer fully shrouded with bodywork. Versions included row-crop, standard (Super 77-S), orchard (Super 77-O), high-crop and industrial configurations. The price in 1958 was about $3,500. [10]
A three-number sequence was introduced in 1958 with the Oliver 770. The new line was more squared-off in appearance, retaining the green body and replacing previous models' yellow and red highlights with a green-tinged white for grilles and wheels. The engines remained the same, with a slightly higher RPM and compression ratio, yielding about 10% more power. The transmission was offered with a torque amplifier. During this time Oliver, Cockshutt and White were combined, and the 770 was sold as the Cockshutt 770 in Canada. [11] The 770 was produced until 1967, by which time the Oliver brand was absorbed into White. The 1967 price was about $4,345. [12] [13] Oliver produced an industrial version of the 770 from 1958 to 1967. [14]
The Oliver Farm Equipment Company was an American farm equipment manufacturer from the 20th century. It was formed as a result of a 1929 merger of four companies: the American Seeding Machine Company of Richmond, Indiana; Oliver Chilled Plow Works of South Bend, Indiana; Hart-Parr Tractor Company of Charles City, Iowa; and Nichols and Shepard Company of Battle Creek, Michigan.
The Massey-Harris Model 101 was a tractor built by Massey-Harris from 1938 to 1946. Developed under the guidance of James S. Duncan, who gambled corporate losses would drop and won, the 101 introduced the Chrysler L-head inline six. The six would compete with Oliver's straight-six Model 70, while saving money on development of a whole new engine as well as taking advantage of Chrysler's existing parts and service network.
The Allis-Chalmers D series is a line of tractors made by the Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company from 1957 to 1969.
The Farmall H is a medium-sized two-plow row crop tractor produced by International Harvester under the Farmall brand from 1939 to 1954. It was the most widely produced of International Harvester's "letter series", with approximately 390,000 produced over the 14-year run. It succeeded the Farmall F-20. The H was incrementally updated with new model numbers as the Super H, 300, and 350, but remained essentially the same machine. The original H used an International Harvester C152 4-cylinder in-line engine. Production of all versions lasted until 1963.
The Farmall M is a large three-plow row crop tractor produced by International Harvester under the Farmall brand from 1939 to 1953. It was of International Harvester's "letter series". It succeeded the Farmall F-30. The M was incrementally updated with new model numbers as the MD Super M, Super MD Super M-TA, but remained essentially the same machine. The original M used an International Harvester C248 4-cylinder in-line engine. Production of all versions lasted until 1954, when it was replaced by the Farmall 400 which was essentially the same machine with updated sheet metal.
The Farmall A is a small one-plow row crop tractor produced by International Harvester under the Farmall brand from 1939 to 1947. The tractor was popular for its set of innovative features in a small, affordable implement. It succeeded the Farmall F-14. The A was incrementally updated with new model numbers as the Super A, 100, 130 and 140, but remained essentially the same machine. Like the smaller Farmall Cub, the Farmall A features a distinctive offset engine, displaced to the left over wide-set front wheels, to allow vision straight ahead. An International Harvester C113 4-cylinder in-line engine was used for early models, increased to an IH C123 with the A-1. The most significant change was the introduction of hydraulics with the Super A. The series was produced until 1973.
The Farmall 60 series tractors are general-purpose row-crop tractors that replaced the larger models of the Farmall letter series beginning in 1958. Produced from 1958 to 1963, the Farmall 460 and 560 tractors represented a modernization of the Farmall H and Farmall M respectively, with higher-horsepower 6-cylinder engines in a restyled body. The heavy general-purpose 660 was sold under the International brand, and was a successor to the McCormick-Deering W series tractors.
The McCormick-Deering W series tractors were a range of standard-tread farming and industrial tractors produced by International Harvester that were derived from the Farmall letter series row-crop tractors of the 1940s and 1950s. Branded by International Harvester as McCormick-Deering products, with the same styling and red paint as the Farmall line, the W series had fixed wheel widths, lower height and wide front axles. Starting in 1956 the W series was integrated into the International Harvester numbering series and the McCormick-Deering branding was dropped.
The John Deere Model GP tractor was a two-plow, and later a three-plow row-crop tractor produced by John Deere from 1928 to 1935. Initially called the John Deere Model C, the name was changed to GP as a result of difficulties in distinguishing between the Model C and Model D over the telephones of the time. It was intended as a response to the Farmall Regular line of general-purpose tractors produced under the Farmall brand by International Harvester..
The John Deere Model G tractor was a large three-plow row-crop tractor produced by John Deere from 1937 to 1953, with successor models produced until 1961. It was followed by the 70, 720, and 730.
The Oliver 60 series of row-crop tractors was a product line of agricultural tractors produced from 1940 to 1964 by the Oliver Farm Equipment Company. The 60 series was a four-cylinder follow-on to the six-cylinder Oliver 70. As the 70 was outsold by the less-expensive Farmall A, Allis-Chalmers Model B and John Deere Model B, Oliver introduced the 60 to compete.
The Oliver 80 row-crop tractors was a model of agricultural tractors produced from 1938 to 1963 by the Oliver Farm Equipment Company. The model 80 was a development of the Oliver Hart-Parr industrial tractor, for agricultural use. The initial 80 was rated for three 14-inch plows, making it a medium-sized tractor. By the time the Super 88 development was introduced, it was rated for six plow bottoms, making it a heavy tractor.
The Oliver 90 series of row-crop tractors was a series of agricultural tractors produced from 1937 to 1961 by the Oliver Farm Equipment Company. Beginning with the Hart-Parr 28–44, the series was the most powerful Oliver tractor offering, capable of heavy plowing. Initial development proceeded on parallel lines, with the 28–44 offered with low and high-compression engine options that became the Oliver 90 and 99, respectively. The lines merged with the Super 99, then diverged again with the 950, 990 and 995 models. The series was produced until 1961.
The Oliver Super 55 series of utility tractors was developed and produced from 1954 to 1958 by the Oliver Farm Equipment Company to complement the Oliver line of heavy row-crop and standard agricultural tracts. Like row-crop tractors, the wheel track width could be adjusted to conform to crop row spacing, but the front wheels were only offered with a wide track. No narrow front wheel options were offered, making the tractor more stable with front-end loaders.
The Cockshutt 30 row-crop tractor was the first production tractor to be manufactured in Canada. The Cockshutt Plow Company had previously imported rebranded Oliver and Allis-Chalmers tractors from the United States. The Model 30 marked Cockshutt's emergence as a full-line agricultural manufacturer. The tractors were built in Cockshutt's Brantford, Ontario plant. The Model 30 was noted for its introduction of a live power take-off (PTO), the first such accessory that could be operated whether the tractor was moving or stationary. Through the model's production span it was itself resold in the United States as the CO-OP E3 and the Gambles Farmcrest 30.
The Cockshutt 40 row-crop tractor was the second tractor produced by the Cockshutt Plow Company, from 1949 to 1958. Having developed the medium-sized Cockshutt 30, Cockshutt developed the heavier 40, using a six-cylinder engine. The 40 was rated for four plows. It was sold in the United States as the CO-OP E4.
The Cockshutt 20 row-crop tractor was the third tractor produced by the Cockshutt Plow Company, from 1951 to 1958. Having developed the medium-sized Cockshutt 30 and the heavier Cockshutt 40, the 20 was a small two-plow tractor for general use. The 20 was sold in the United States as the CO-OP E2.
The Cockshutt 50 row-crop tractor was a row-crop tractor produced by the Cockshutt Plow Company, from 1953 to 1957. It was the largest of a series of Canadian-produced tractors that started with the Cockshutt 30, and was based on the Cockshutt 40 with a more powerful engine. The 50 was a large four or five-plow tractor for general use. The 50 was sold in the United States as the CO-OP E5.
The Cockshutt 550 row-crop tractor was built by the Cockshutt Plow Company, from 1958 to 1961. It succeeded the Cockshutt 35 Golden Arrow in the Cockshutt product line, and was capable of pulling two or three plows. The new tractor was restyled in accordance with the trend toward squared-off lines, compared to earlier Cockshutt offerings. Confusingly, the 550 was replaced in 1962 by a different Oliver-built tractor, also branded as the Cockshutt 550.
The Cockshutt 570 row-crop tractor was built by the Cockshutt Plow Company, from 1958 to 1960. It succeeded the Cockshutt 50 heavy tractor in the Cockshutt product line, and was capable of pulling five plows. The new tractor was restyled in accordance with the trend toward squared-off lines, compared to earlier Cockshutt offerings.