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The Peshmerga comprise the standing military of Kurdistan Region,an autonomous political entity within the Republic of Iraq. According to the Constitution of Iraq,the Peshmerga and their security subsidiaries are solely responsible for the security of Kurdistan Region,chiefly due to the fact that the Iraqi Armed Forces are forbidden to enter Iraqi Kurdistan. These subsidiaries include Asayish,Parastin ûZanyarî,and Zêrevanî. The Peshmerga's history dates back to the 18th century,when they began as a strictly tribal pseudo-military border guard under the Ottoman Turks and the Safavid Iranians. By the 19th century,they had evolved into a disciplined and well-trained guerrilla force.
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The 2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict,also known as the Kirkuk crisis,was a conflict in which the Iraqi government retook disputed territories in Iraq which had been held by the Peshmerga since ISIL's Northern Iraq offensive in 2014. The conflict began on 15 October 2017 after tensions arising from the Kurdistan Region independence referendum of 25 September. The tension between the federal Iraqi government and Kurdistan Region escalated into conflict when the Peshmerga ignored repeated warnings to return Kirkuk to Iraqi government forces. Part of the conflict was the Battle of Kirkuk,when Iraqi forces routed Peshmerga forces from the city in a surprise dawn-offensive,marking the beginning of clashes.
Kurdistan Region–Spain relations are bilateral relations between Kurdistan Region and Spain. Kurdistan Region is represented in Spain through a representation in Madrid since 2010,while Spain has no representation in Kurdistan Region. When the Kurdish representation opened in Madrid,the representative Daban Shadala stated that their activities primarily focused on building confidence,trust and friendship between the two parties. These goals were accomplished according to Shadala and Spanish Foreign Minister Jose Garcia-Margallo held a meeting with Deputy Prime Minister of Kurdistan Emad Ahmad which resulted in the opening of a Spanish honorary consulate in Erbil.
Hemin Hawrami,,,is a Kurdish politician,writer and academic. He has been the Deputy Speaker of the Iraqi Kurdistan Parliament since February 2019. He is a senior member of the Kurdistan Democratic Party. He was elected as a Member of the Kurdistan Parliament in September 2018. He was the head of the Kurdistan Democratic Party's foreign relations (2011–2017) and later a senior adviser to President Masoud Barzani (2017–2019) for political and international affairs. He holds a PhD in international relations and he has written eight books in Kurdish on Kurdish politics.
References
- ↑ "Ministers of the new unified cabinet". Kurdistan Regional Government. 31 March 2009. Archived from the original on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2009.
- ↑ "KRG Deputy Premier presents his resignation to Kurdistan Region President". Patriotic Union of Kurdistan. 30 March 2009. Retrieved 24 February 2009.[ dead link ]
- ↑ "Countries I". Archived from the original on 16 July 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2010.
