| History | |
|---|---|
 Great Britain | |
| Name | Orange Grove |
| Owner | J.Dawson & Co. |
| Launched | 1790, Liverpool |
| Captured | 1794 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen | 140 |
Orange Grove was launched in 1790 at Liverpool. She made two complete voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She became a West Indiaman, but the French Navy captured her in 1794.
Orange Grove first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1790. [1]
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1790 | A.Irvin | J.Dawson & Co. | Liverpool−Africa | LR |
1st voyage transporting enslaved people (1790–1791): Captain Andrew Irving sailed from Liverpool on 27 November 1790. [lower-alpha 1] He started acquiring captives on 7 February 1791, first at some unknown port in the Bight of Benin, and then at Lagos, Onim. [2] Irwin died on 2 March 1791. [3] Orange Grove sailed from Africa on 28 May. [2] She was under the command of Captain John K. Williams when she arrived in the West Indies. She arrived at Cartagena, Colombia on 29 July with 230 captives. She landed some there and then sailed on to Havana where she landed the rest. She sailed for Liverpool on 24 October and arrived back at Liverpool on 8 December. [2] She was an Irwing's command when she arrived at Liverpool from Savannah. She had left Liverpool with 16 crew members and had suffered two crew deaths on her voyage. [2]
2nd voyage transporting enslaved people (1792–1793): Captain William Carrol sailed from Liverpool on 25 February 1792. [4] Captain Carrol died on 5 August. [5] Orange Grove arrived at Kingston, Jamaica on 28 December with 236 captives. She left Kingston on 1 February 1793 and arrived back at Liverpool on 30 March. [4] She was under Captain William Lawson's command when she stopped at Beaumaris on her way home. She had left Liverpool with 25 crew members and she had suffered three crew deaths on her voyage. [4]
Orange Grove made no more voyages transporting enslaved people. Instead, she sailed as a West Indiaman, i.e., directly between Great Britain ad the West Indies.
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1795 | Robinson | J.Dawson & Co. | Liverpool−Barbados | LR |
Lloyd's List reported in September 1794 that a French squadron on its way to Guadeloupe had captured Orange Grove, Henderson, master, and that it was believed that the French had taken her there with them. [6]
Princess Royal was launched at Liverpool in 1790. She made four voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. The French captured her in 1794 at the beginning of her fifth enslaving voyage.
Iris was launched at Liverpool as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. In all she made eight voyages (1783-1800) transporting captives from West Africa to the Caribbean. She also made one voyage for the British East India Company (EIC) to Bengal and back (1795-1796). She was condemned in Jamaica in December 1800 as unseaworthy.
Aurora was launched at Chester in 1793 as a West Indiaman. During her career first the French (twice) and then the United States' privateer captured her, but she returned to British hands. Between 1801 and 1808 she made four voyages from Liverpool as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. Afterwards, she continued to trade widely until 1831.
Several ships have been named Sally:
Duke of Buccleugh, was launched at Yarmouth in 1783. In 1789 she became a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She made five complete enslaving voyages. On her fifth she had to repel an attack by a French privateer in a single ship action. A French privateer captured her in September 1797 after she had delivered her captives on her sixth voyage.
Prince was launched at Bristol in 1785 as Alexander and then made two complete voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. Her owners changed her name to Prince in 1787. As Prince, she made six more complete voyages as an enslaving ship. She sailed on enslaving voyages for owners in Bristol, Liverpool, and London. She foundered in 1800 as she was returning to England from her ninth, having delivered captives to Jamaica.
Several ships have been named John:
Betsey was launched in 1790 at Liverpool as a slave ship. She made six complete voyages in the triangular trade in enslaved people. On her second such voyage she, together with five other slave ships, bombarded Calabar for more than three hours to force the local native traders to lower the prices they were charging for captives. A French privateer captured her in 1799 after she had delivered her captives on her seventh voyage.
Amacree or Amachree, was launched in 1788 in Liverpool. She made ten voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade, carrying enslaved people from West Africa and primarily to Dominica. On her fourth such voyage, she and five other slave ships bombarded Calabar for more than three hours to force the local native traders to lower the prices they were charging for slaves. The last press mention of Amacree occurred in 1801.
Liverpool Hero was built in France in 1777, probably as Jeune Emilia. She was taken in prize in 1780. In 1781 she entered into the triangular trade in enslaved people. From 1781 she made six complete voyages from Liverpool as a slave ship. On her fourth enslaving voyage she suffered an exceptionally high mortality rate among the captives she had embarked. Her third voyage had been marred by high mortality, but on the fourth 330 captives, 59% of the number she had embarked, died. She was lost in 1794 off the coast of Africa on her seventh voyage, probably with her crew and captives.
Several vessels have been named Liverpool Hero for the port of Liverpool.
Molly was launched at Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1783. From at least 1785 on she sailed from Lancaster as a West Indiaman. In 1792 she made one voyage as a Liverpool-based slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. A French squadron captured her in 1794 at the outset of her second slave voyage, before she could acquire any slaves.
Ranger was launched in Liverpool in 1789. She made four complete voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. A French privateer captured her in 1796 in a single ship action during her fifth voyage transporting enslaved people. She was recaptured, but thereafter disappears from online records.
Mosley Hill, was launched in 1782 at Liverpool as a slave ship. Between 1782 and 1790 she made eight complete voyages in the triangular trade in enslaved people. For the voyages between 1785 and 1789, she sailed under an asiento that gave her a right to bring and sell captives in Spanish territories. She was last listed in 1790; reportedly she had been lost.
Young Hero was launched at Liverpool in 1785. She made six complete voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. On her first and second voyages she sailed under an asiento, that permitted her owners to bring and sell captives in Spanish territories. She was seized and condemned in 1794 after having landed the captives from her seventh voyage.
Trelawney or Trelawny was a ship launched at Bristol in 1781. Initially she was a West Indiaman. In 1791 she made one voyage as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She then made one voyage as a whaler in the British southern whale fishery. She was sold to Liverpool and then made two more voyages as an enslaving ship. She was damaged outbound on a fourth enslaving voyage and then disappears from online records.
True Briton was launched at Liverpool in 1775. She made two voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. During the second of these voyages there was an unsuccessful insurrection by the captives she was carrying. Then in 1777–1778 she made another enslaving voyage, this time under the name John. On her return to Liverpool, she became the privateer Bellona, and succeeded in taking several prizes. Bellona then made three enslaving voyages. In 1786 her ownership changed, and so did her name. She became Lord Stanley, and under that name proceeded to make 11 more enslaving voyages. In 1794, at Havana, a deadly fever spread through the vessel, apparently after she had landed her captives. On her last voyage the captain acted with such brutality towards a black crew member that the man, who providentially survived, sued the captain when the vessel arrived at Liverpool and won substantial damages.
Aeolus was built in Liverpool. Between 1787 and 1806 she made 13 voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. On one voyage she repelled an attack by a French privateer in a single ship action. She was last listed in 1808.
Brothers was launched in 1782 at Liverpool as a Guineaman. She made seven complete voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. A French privateer captured her in 1795, on her eighth voyage after she had embarked her captives. In a highly unusual move, the privateer sold Brothers and the captives she was carrying to the master of a Spanish vessel that the privateer had captured. The purchaser then took Brothers into Havana.
Doe was built in 1780, in the Thirteen Colonies, possibly under another name. She was taken in prize. Between 1783 and 1786 Doe made three complete voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. New owners in 1787 renamed Doe to Ellen. Ellen was registered in Liverpool in 1787. Between 1789 and 1792, she made two complete voyages transporting enslaved people. A French privateer captured her in 1793 as she was on her way to the West Indies having embarked captives in Africa on her sixth voyage transporting enslaved people.