Organic centralism

Organic centralism is a method of political organisation advocated by party-orientated left communists, in particular the Italian Left. It emphasizes a structure within communist parties that mirrors organic processes, rather than mechanical prescriptions.

Overview

The concept was advanced in The Lyon Theses (1926) in the context of the Third International:

"The communist parties must achieve an organic centralism which, whilst including maximum possible consultation with the base, ensures a spontaneous elimination of any grouping which aims to differentiate itself. This cannot be achieved with, as Lenin put it, the formal and mechanical prescriptions of a hierarchy, but through correct revolutionary politics."

"The repression of [factionalism] isn't a fundamental aspect of the evolution of the party, though preventing it is." ^[1]

This text then argues that factionalism would be positive where it arises in response to the relapse of the party into opportunism, as particularly illustrated by the split between Bolsheviks and Mensheviks. However, Amadeo Bordiga then argued that "bourgeois tendencies" are not manifested in factionalism, but "as a shrewd penetration stoking up unitary demagoguery and operating as a dictatorship from above". ^{[2] [ further explanation needed ]}

The concept was put forward as against Bolshevisation.

"One negative effect of so-called Bolshevisation has been the replacing of conscious and thoroughgoing political elaboration inside the party, corresponding to significant progress towards a really compact centralism, with superficial and noisy agitation for mechanical formulas of unity for unity's sake, and discipline for discipline's sake.

This method causes damage to both the party and the proletariat in that it holds back the realisation of the «true» communist party. Once applied to several sections of the International it becomes itself a serious indication of latent opportunism. At the moment, there doesn't appear to be any international left opposition within the Comintern, but if the unfavourable factors we have mentioned worsen, the formation of such an opposition will be at the same time both a revolutionary necessity and a spontaneous reflex to the situation."(ibid)

The concept remains utilized by the International Communist Party (ICP). ^[3]

"The meaning of unitarism and of organic centralism is that the party develops inside itself the organs suited to the various functions, which we call propaganda, proselytism, proletarian organisation, union work, etc., up to tomorrow, the armed organisation; but nothing can be inferred from the number of comrades destined for such functions, as on principle no comrade must be left out of any of them." ^[4]

Criticism

The socialist Adam Buick has argued that Bordiga's concept of organic separatism creates a technocratic elite which will become de facto controllers – and hence owners – of the totality of the means of production. ^[5]

See also

• Democratic centralism

References

1. Draft theses for the 3rd Congress of the Communist Party of Italy presented by the Left, 1926
2. The Lyon Theses, 1926
3. "Organic Centralism in Lenin, 2020". www.international-communist-party.org. International Communist Party. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
4. Considerations on the party’s organic activity when the general situation is historically unfavourable, 1965
5. Varn, C. Derrick. "The brain of society: notes on Bordiga, organic centralism, and the limitations of the party form - C. Derrick Varn". libcom.org. Retrieved 28 February 2022.