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The early history of Monaco is primarily concerned with the protective and strategic value of the Rock of Monaco, the area's chief geological landmark, which served first as a shelter for ancient peoples and later as a fortress. Part of Liguria's history since the fall of the Roman Empire, from the 14th to the early 15th century the area was contested for primarily political reasons. Since that point, excepting a brief period of French occupation, it has remained steadily under the control of the House of Grimaldi.
The Guelphs and Ghibellines were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, respectively, in the Italian city-states of central and northern Italy. During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalry between these two parties formed a particularly important aspect of the internal politics of medieval Italy. The struggle for power between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire arose with the Investiture Controversy, which began in 1075, and ended with the Concordat of Worms in 1122. The division between the Guelphs and Ghibellines in Italy, fuelled by the imperial Great Interregnum, persisted until the 15th century.
La Condamine is the central Ward in the Principality of Monaco. Its landmarks include Port Hercules, the Rainier III Nautical Stadium, and the Princess Antoinette Park. Its farmer's market at the Place d'Armes dates from 1880 and is a great source of local pride for its "authentic Monegasque" essence.
Monaco City is the southcentral ward in the Principality of Monaco. Located on a headland that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, it is nicknamed The Rock. The name "Monaco City" is misleading: it is not itself a city, but a historical and statistical district. It holds most of the country's political and judicial institutions: the Prince's Palace, the town hall, the government, the National Council, the Municipal Council, the courts and a prison.
The House of Grimaldi is associated with the history of the Republic of Genoa, and of the Principality of Monaco. The Grimaldi dynasty is a princely house originating in Genoa, founded by the Genoese leader of the Guelphs, Francesco Grimaldi, who in 1297 took the lordship of Monaco along with his soldiers dressed as Franciscans. In that principality his successors have reigned to the present day. During much of the Ancien Regime the family spent much of its time in the French court, where from 1642 they used their French title of Duke of Valentinois. The current head of the family is Albert II of Monaco, Sovereign Prince of Monaco, son and successor of Prince Rainier III and the princess consort Grace of Monaco, formerly Grace Kelly.
Florestan was Prince of Monaco and Duke of Valentinois from 2 October 1841 until his death. He was the second son of Prince Honoré IV and Louise d'Aumont Mazarin and succeeded to the throne on the death of his brother, Honoré V.
Honoré V was Prince of Monaco and Duke of Valentinois. He was the first son of Honoré IV of Monaco and Louise d'Aumont.
The coat of arms of Monaco, referred to also as an armorial achievement or an arms of dominion, is the symbolic representation of the House of Grimaldi – the current sovereigns of the principality of Monaco.
Grimaldo Canella was the youngest son of Otto Canella and Consul of Genoa in 1162, 1170, and 1184. Grimaldo is considered the progenitor and eponym of the House of Grimaldi.
Honoré I or Onorato I was Lord of Monaco from 22 August 1523 to 7 October 1581.
Marie Caroline Gibert de Lametz,, was a French stage actress and a Princess Consort and regent de facto of Monaco by marriage to Florestan I, Prince of Monaco.
The Prince's Palace of Monaco is the official residence of the Sovereign Prince of Monaco. Built in 1191 as a Genoese fortress, during its long and often dramatic history it has been bombarded and besieged by many foreign powers. Since the end of the 13th century, it has been the stronghold and home of the Grimaldi family who first captured it in 1297. The Grimaldi ruled the area first as feudal lords, and from the 17th century as sovereign princes, but their power was often derived from fragile agreements with their larger and stronger neighbours.
Antoinette de Merode, was the Princess of Monaco by marriage to Charles III, Prince of Monaco.
Luca Grimaldi was a Genoese troubadour and Guelph politician and diplomat. None of his poetic work survives.
Ippolita Trivulzio was the Princess of Monaco by marriage to Honoré II of Monaco, and was the first Monegasque consort to bear the title of Princess.
Maria Landi, was a consort of Monaco by marriage to Ercole Grimaldi, Lord of Monaco.
Grimaldo is a Romance form of the Germanic personal name Grimwald. It may refer to:
Gustave Saige (1838-1905) was a French archivist. He was the archivist of the Prince's Palace of Monaco from 1881 to 1905.
Oberto Grimaldi was one of the four sons of Grimaldo Canella and, therefore, one of the grandsons of Otto Canella. The historian Gustave Saige wrote that Oberto Grimaldi was "one of the greatest personages" of the Republic of Genoa. He and his brother-in-law, Oberto Spinola, founded Genoa's Church of St. Luke.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Saige, Gustave (1897). Monaco: Ses Origines et Son Histoire. Imprimerie de Monaco. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
- ↑ "Occupation of the Rocher by François Grimaldi". Governement de Monaco. Principauté de Monaco. Archived from the original on 5 December 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2017.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- ↑ Edwards, Anne (1992). The Grimaldis of Monaco (Paperback ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
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