Ottoman–Persian War (1775–76)

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Ottoman–Persian War (1775–1776)
Part of the Ottoman–Persian Wars
Karim Khan Zand with the Ottoman Ambassador Vehbi Effendi.png
Karim Khan Zand with the Ottoman envoy Vehbi Efendi.
Date1775–1776
Location
Result Persian relative victory (Ottomans lost Basra for three years) [1] [2]
Territorial
changes
Basra captured by Persia, [3] retaken by Ottomans three years later. [3]
Belligerents

Zand Dynasty flag.svg Zand dynasty

Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg Ottoman Empire

Commanders and leaders
Zand Dynasty flag.svg Karim Khan Zand
Zand Dynasty flag.svg Sadeq Khan Zand
Zand Dynasty flag.svg Khosrow Khan Bozorg
Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg Abdul Hamid I
Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg Suleiman al-Jalili
Strength
Southern Persian Military, Zandieh Regiments Unknown
Casualties and losses
Unknown Unknown

The Ottoman–Persian War of 1775–1776 was fought between the Ottoman Empire and the Zand dynasty of Persia. The Persians, ruled by Karim Khan and led by his brother Sadeq Khan Zand, [4] invaded southern Iraq [5] and after besieging Basra for a year, took the city from the Ottomans in 1776. [6] The Ottomans, unable to send troops, were dependent on the Mamluk governors to defend that region.

Ottoman Empire Former empire in Asia, Europe and Africa

The Ottoman Empire, historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt by the Oghuz Turkish tribal leader Osman I. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe, and with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the 1453 conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed the Conqueror.

Zand dynasty Iranian royal dynasty, 1751–1794

The Zand dynasty was an Iranian dynasty of Lak a branch of Lurs origin founded by Karim Khan Zand that initially ruled southern and central Iran in the 18th century. It later quickly came to expand to include much of the rest of contemporary Iran, as well as Azerbaijan, Bahrain, and parts of Iraq and Armenia.

Sadeq Khan Zand fifth Shah of the Zand dynasty, who ruled Persian Empire

Sadeq Khan Zand, also known as Mohammad Sadeq, was the fifth Shah of the Zand dynasty from August 22, 1779 until March 14, 1781.

Contents

In an attempt to raise troops and provisions for this war, Ottoman Sultan Abdülhamid I, made Suleiman al-Jalili mubayaaci (official of provisions), ordering him to send provisions to Baghdad, which he ignored, instead he restricted merchants from selling their goods. [7] As a result, the Persians held Basra until 1779 when the Ottomans, under Sulayman Agha, [8] retook the city, following Karim Khan's death. [9]

Baghdad Capital of Iraq

Baghdad is the capital of Iraq. The population of Baghdad, as of 2016, is approximately 8,765,000, making it the largest city in Iraq, the second largest city in the Arab world, and the second largest city in Western Asia.

Basra City in Basra Governorate, Iraq

Basra is an Iraqi city located on the Shatt al-Arab between Kuwait and Iran. It had an estimated population of 2.5 million in 2012. Basra is also Iraq's main port, although it does not have deep water access, which is handled at the port of Umm Qasr.

See also

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References

  1. Encyclopedia Iranica  : "In 1775 the Wakil sent his brother (Moḥammad) Ṣādeq Khan to besiege Basra in Ottoman Iraq, which after a yearlong siege was taken and occupied until Karim Khan’s death in 1779"
  2. Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A-E  : page 113 : "Jealous of the Turkish port of Basra, Persian Regent Karim Khan sent a siege force under his brother Sadiq Khan. an Omani fleet broke the blocade but a relief force from Baghdad was repulsed and Governor Sulayman Aqa was finally starved into surrender"
  3. 1 2 Fattah, Hala Mundhir (1997). The Politics of Regional Trade in Iraq, Arabia, and the Gulf: 1745-1900. SUNY Press. p. 34. ISBN   9781438402376.
  4. Mohibbul Hasan, Waqai-i manazil-i Rum: Tipu Sultan's mission to Constantinople, (Aakar Books, 2005), 19.
  5. Dina Rizk Khoury, State and Provincial Society in the Ottoman Empire: Mosul, 1540-1834, (Cambridge University Press, 2002), 47.
  6. Dina Rizk Khoury, State and Provincial Society in the Ottoman Empire: Mosul, 1540-1834, 44.
  7. Dina Rizk Khoury, State and Provincial Society in the Ottoman Empire: Mosul, 1540-1834, 69.
  8. 'Abd al-Hamid I, M. Cavid Baysun, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. I, ed. H.A.R. Gibb, J.H. Kramers, E. Levi-Provencal and J. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 62.
  9. Dionisius A. Agius, In the Wake of the Dhow: The Arabian Gulf and Oman, (Ithaca Press, 2010), 15.

Sources

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