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Lean startup is a methodology for developing businesses and products that aims to shorten product development cycles and rapidly discover if a proposed business model is viable; this is achieved by adopting a combination of business-hypothesis-driven experimentation, iterative product releases, and validated learning. Lean startup emphasizes customer feedback over intuition and flexibility over planning. This methodology enables recovery from failures more often than traditional ways of product development.
Work motivation is a person's internal disposition toward work. To further this, an incentive is the anticipated reward or aversive event available in the environment. While motivation can often be used as a tool to help predict behavior, it varies greatly among individuals and must often be combined with ability and environmental factors to actually influence behavior and performance. Results from a 2012 study, which examined age-related differences in work motivation, suggest a "shift in people's motives" rather than a general decline in motivation with age. That is, it seemed that older employees were less motivated by extrinsically related features of a job, but more by intrinsically rewarding job features. Work motivation is strongly influenced by certain cultural characteristics. Between countries with comparable levels of economic development, collectivist countries tend to have higher levels of work motivation than do countries that tend toward individualism. Similarly measured, higher levels of work motivation can be found in countries that exhibit a long versus a short-term orientation. Also, while national income is not itself a strong predictor of work motivation, indicators that describe a nation's economic strength and stability, such as life expectancy, are. Work motivation decreases as a nation's long-term economic strength increases. Currently work motivation research has explored motivation that may not be consciously driven. This method goal setting is referred to as goal priming. Effects of primed subconscious goals in addition to goals that are consciously set related to job performance have been studied by Stajkovic, Latham, Sergent, and Peterson, who conducted research on a CEO of a for-profit business organization using goal priming to motivate job performance. Goal priming refers to the achievement of a goal by external cues given. These cues can affect information processing and behaviour the pursuit of this goal. In this study, the goal was primed by the CEO using achievement related words strategy placed in emails to employees. This seemingly small gesture alone not only cost the CEO very little money, but it increased objectively measured performance efficiency by 35% and effectiveness by 15% over the course of a 5-day work week. There has been controversy about the true efficacy of this work as to date, only four goal priming experiments have been conducted. However, the results of these studies found support for the hypothesis that primed goals do enhance performance in a for-profit business organization setting.
Anthony (Tony) W. Ulwick is the founder and chief executive officer of Strategyn, LLC. an innovation consulting firm based in San Francisco. He is the creator of Outcome-Driven Innovation (ODI).
References
- 1 2 3 Anthony Ulwick, What Customers Want: Using Outcome-Driven Innovation to Create Breakthrough Products and Services, 2005 ISBN 0-07-140867-3
- 1 2 3 Rebbeck, Tom. "Outcome-Driven Innovation: A New Approach to Tackling Over-the-Top Services?" Analysys Mason. June 22, 2012
- ↑ Strategyn. "Ulwick and Christensen: The Birth of Jobs to Be Done (Spring 2000)" YouTube. October 30, 2016
- ↑ Clayton M. Christensen, Michael E. Raynor, The Innovator's Solution, p. 73ff, note 3
- ↑ Dyer, Stephen; Sun, Jian; Ding, Bill. "The Innovator's Secret Weapon." ATKearney. January 2013
- 1 2 Justesen, Susanne. "The Relevance of Outcome-Driven Innovation." Innoversity Research. Aug. 15, 2006
- ↑ "Outcome-Driven Innovation." Strategyn website. Accessed Aug. 1, 2013
- ↑ Ulwick, Anthony. "Turn Customer Input into Innovation." Harvard Business Review. Vol. 80. No. 1. January 2002
- ↑ Ulwick, Anthony. What Customers Want: Using Outcome-Driven Innovation to Create Breakthrough Products and Services. Aug. 16, 2005.
- ↑ Ulwick, Anthony. "Jobs to be Done: From Theory to Practice"
- ↑ Marc Logman, "Logical brand management in a dynamic context of growth and innovation", Journal of Product & Brand Management16:4:257-268
- ↑ Ulwick, Anthony W. (January 2002). "Turn Customer Input into Innovation". Harvard Business Review.