Outpost for Hope is listed nationally [1] and international [2] as an educational and support resource for "under-represented missing persons and those who seek to find them".
It has been in operation since 1999 and has 501(c)(3) tax-exempt status. This charity specializes in providing resources for the families and Law Enforcement agencies who deal with endangered runaways such as foster children, homeless and transient persons, lost mentally ill persons, addicts and other high-risk missing persons who for various reasons cannot or have not been reported missing. The resources include guides and visual tools that describe what a family should do when one of their relatives or friends goes missing but the police or other agencies cannot or will not take a missing persons' report. For agencies, it provides educational studies, resources, and guides in dealing with these cases. [3]
On their website, Outpost For Hope lists various reasons of why a person cannot be reported missing in the United States and other countries. These include but are not limited to, a person who is over 18 years of age and has a history of going missing or is suspected of being voluntarily missing, [4] foster kids who are habitual runaways, [5] illegal immigrants, [6] prostitutes and other transient people who are not easily missed. [7]
Outpost for Hope is a 501(c) (3) nonprofit online organization based in Sacramento, California serving the United States. Founded in 1999 by Libba Phillips after her sister went missing and she could not get her listed as missing. [14] It focuses on the location and recovery of Unreported missing persons and is defining the problem of unreported missing children and adults: whom they call the "kids off the grid."
Workers: The charity is run by volunteers.
Finances: Income is through donations from members of the public as well as the sale of promotional items. They also have paperback options for their free online guides for sale.
Service Area: As an online organization, its tools and information are available worldwide, but it is mainly aimed at the United States.
Servicing: The families of Unreported missing persons, Law Enforcement, and other Social and Health Care agencies.
This charity calls all Unreported Missing persons the "Kids Off The Grid" a term first coined by Libba Phillips.
The term applies whether the missing person is a child or an adult. "Unreported" means the missing person is not part of the National Crime Information Center database of missing persons.
People can become Kids Off The Grid or "unreported missing" for a variety of reasons, including:
This registry is for families who have not been able to register their missing loved ones in any official lists. The registry aims to gather actual data that can be used as case studies for policy making as well as training of Law Enforcement and other related agencies and the future development of prevention strategies.
The registry takes data relating to the reasons why the missing person could not be registered with Law Enforcement. It also keeps a record of the missing persons' state of mind and health at the time of disappearance. Other details contained in their registry form are whether the person had children if they had known drug issues, and whether they were homeless or institutionalized at the time of disappearance.
One aspect of this registry that is not covered in the cases of unreported missing persons when there is a history of family estrangement. Due to the nature of the registry, families who have had a problematic relationship with someone who is abusive or has drug or mental problems and does not want anything to do with the Unreported Missing person, would not be likely to fill in the form and thus leaves out a large part of the unreported missing population from the research.
This project, a collaboration with let's Bring Them Home [10] is specifically aimed at young people, students, artists, and writers and asks for creative works which contain or define the word "lost" in them. They believe that the participation and definition of "lost" in this project will shed light on the problem of unreported lost and missing children and adults to a population of people who would not normally have any contact with missing people and in particular Unreported missing or Kids off the Grid.
The charity provides training and free guides to Law Enforcement, [15] Social Workers, Educators, Health Care Workers, Mental Health Workers, Homeless Services, Drug & Alcohol Recovery Providers and Youth. [16]
A runaway is a minor or a person under a specified age who has left their parents or legal guardians without permission.
A missing person is a person who has disappeared and whose status as alive or dead cannot be confirmed as their location and condition are unknown. A person may go missing through a voluntary disappearance, or else due to an accident, crime, or death in a location where they cannot be found, or many other reasons. In most parts of the world, a missing person will usually be found quickly. Criminal abductions are some of the most widely reported missing person cases.
The National Crime Information Center (NCIC) is the United States' central database for tracking crime-related information. The NCIC has been an information sharing tool since 1967. It is maintained by the Criminal Justice Information Services Division (CJIS) of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and is interlinked with federal, tribal, state, and local agencies and offices.
The Doe Network is a non-profit organization of volunteers who work with law enforcement to connect missing persons cases with John/Jane Doe cases. They maintain a website about cold cases and unidentified persons, and work to match these with missing persons.
Unreported missing describes persons who cannot be found, yet have not been or cannot be reported as missing persons to law enforcement, specifically the National Crime Information Center database of missing persons in the United States. The term applies whether the missing person is a child or an adult.
Discrimination against homeless people is categorized as the act of treating people who lack housing in a prejudiced or negative manner due to the fact that they are homeless. Other factors can compound discrimination against homeless people including discrimination on the basis of race, gender, sexuality, age, mental illness, and other considerations.
A sex offender registry is a system in various countries designed to allow government authorities to keep track of the activities of sex offenders, including those who have completed their criminal sentences.
In the United States, human trafficking tends to occur around international travel hubs with large immigrant populations, notably in California, Texas, and Georgia. Those trafficked include young children, teenagers, men, and women; victims can be domestic citizens or foreign nationals.
Survival sex is a form of prostitution engaged in by people because of their extreme need. It can include trading sex for food, a place to sleep, or other basic needs; it can also be used to obtain addictive drugs. Survival sex is engaged in by homeless people, refugees, asylum seekers, and others disadvantaged in society.
Dawn Rita Olanick, previously known as Princess Doe, was an unidentified American teenage decedent from Bohemia, New York, who was found murdered in Cedar Ridge Cemetery in Blairstown Township, New Jersey on July 15, 1982. Her face had been bludgeoned beyond recognition. She was the first unidentified decedent to be entered in the National Crime Information Center. Olanick was publicly identified on the 40th anniversary of her discovery.
Marcia Lenore Sossoman King was a 21-year-old Arkansas woman who was murdered in April 1981 and whose body was discovered in Troy, Ohio approximately 48 hours after her murder. Her body remained unidentified for almost 37 years before being identified via DNA analysis and genetic genealogy in April 2018. King was one of the first unidentified decedents to be identified via this method of forensic investigation.
Sherri Ann Jarvis was an American murder victim from Forest Lake, Minnesota whose body was discovered in Huntsville, Texas on November 1, 1980. Her body was discovered within hours of her sexual assault and murder, and remained unidentified for 41 years before investigators announced her identification via forensic genealogy in November 2021.
Safe Horizon, formerly the Victim Services Agency, is the largest victim services nonprofit organization in the United States, providing social services for victims of abuse and violent crime. Operating at 57 locations throughout the five boroughs of New York City. Safe Horizon provides social services to over 250,000 victims of violent crime and abuse and their families per year. It has over 800 employees, and has programs for victims of domestic violence, child abuse, sexual assault, and human trafficking, as well as homeless youth and the families of homicide victims. Safe Horizon's website has been accessible for the Spanish-speaking population since 2012. Safe Horizon has an annual budget of over $63 million.
Deanna Lee Criswell was an American girl from Washington state who was murdered by firearm at age 16 and remained unidentified for 27 years. Criswell's body was found on November 25, 1987, in Marana, Arizona, near Tucson. The Marana Police Department announced her identification on February 11, 2015, aided by the sophisticated technology of forensic facial reconstruction and DNA analysis, and by websites set up by amateurs to help identify missing and unidentified persons.
In the United States, sex offender registries existed at both the federal and state levels. The federal registry is known as the National Sex Offender Public Website (NSOPW) and integrates data in all state, territorial, and tribal registries provided by offenders required to register. Registries contain information about persons convicted of sexual offenses for law enforcement and public notification purposes. All 50 states and the District of Columbia maintain sex offender registries that are open to the public via websites; most information on offenders is visible to the public. Public disclosure of offender information varies between the states depending on offenders' designated tier, which may also vary from state to state, or risk assessment result. According to NCMEC, as of 2016 there were 859,500 registered sex offenders in United States.
Human trafficking in Arizona is the illegal trade of human beings for the purposes of reproductive slavery, commercial sexual exploitation, and forced labor as it occurs in the state of Arizona, and it is widely recognized as a modern-day form of slavery. It includes "the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons by means of threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power, or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs."
Sex trafficking in the United States is a form of human trafficking which involves reproductive slavery or commercial sexual exploitation as it occurs in the United States. Sex trafficking includes the transportation of persons by means of coercion, deception and/or force into exploitative and slavery-like conditions. It is commonly associated with organized crime.
DNA Doe Project is an American nonprofit volunteer organization formed to identify unidentified deceased persons using forensic genealogy. Volunteers identify victims of automobile accidents, homicide, and unusual circumstances and persons who committed suicide under an alias. The group was founded in 2017 by Colleen M. Fitzpatrick and Margaret Press.
The United Nations defines human trafficking as "the recruitment, transport, transfer, harbouring or receipt of a person by such means as threat or use of force or other forms of coercion." Declared a global human rights crisis, human trafficking is the third-largest source of worldwide criminal activity. Although the UN has developed a range of methods to collect reliable data regarding human trafficking, uniform information is scarce. According to the Walk Free Foundation, 40.3 million people live in modern slavery. Whereas, according to the U.S. Department of State, this number is closer to 24.9 million. Because of the absence of a standard definition of human trafficking across agencies and countries and the hidden nature of the crime, there are gaps in data and challenges to identify victims. These gaps are visible when looking at data regarding the LGBTQI+ community. Although recent studies have shown that individuals who identify with the community are especially vulnerable to human trafficking due to the stigma and discrimination against them, there is very little data making them an underreported population. The limited amount of data available on LGBTQI+ and trafficking has come from North America and, to a lesser extent, Europe and Latin America.