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Water politics, sometimes called hydropolitics, is politics affected by the availability of water and water resources, a necessity for all life forms and human development.
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Water resource policy, sometimes called water resource management or water management, encompasses the policy-making processes and legislation that affect the collection, preparation, use, disposal, and protection of water resources. Water is a necessity for all forms of life as well as industries on which humans are reliant, like technology development and agriculture. This global need for clean water access necessitates water resource policy to determine the means of supplying and protecting water resources. Water resource policy varies by region and is dependent on water availability or scarcity, the condition of aquatic systems, and regional needs for water. Since water basins do not align with national borders, water resource policy is also determined by international agreements, also known as hydropolitics. Water quality protection also falls under the umbrella of water resource policy; laws protecting the chemistry, biology, and ecology of aquatic systems by reducing and eliminating pollution, regulating its usage, and improving the quality are considered water resource policy. When developing water resource policies, many different stakeholders, environmental variables, and considerations have to be taken to ensure the health of people and ecosystems are maintained or improved. Finally, ocean zoning, coastal, and environmental resource management are also encompassed by water resource management, like in the instance of offshore wind land leasing.
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Climate change education (CCE) is education that aims to address and develop effective responses to climate change. It helps learners understand the causes and consequences of climate change, prepares them to live with the impacts of climate change and empowers learners to take appropriate actions to adopt more sustainable lifestyles. Climate change and climate change education are global challenges that can be anchored in the curriculum in order to provide local learning and widen up mindset shits on how climate change can be mitigated. In such as case CCE is more than climate change literacy but understanding ways of dealing with climate
In Iraq, climate change has led to environmental impacts such as increasing temperatures, decreasing precipitation, land degradation, and water scarcity and poses numerous risks to human health, livelihoods, political stability, and the sustainable development of the nation. The combination of ecological factors, conflict, weak governance, and an impeded capacity to mitigate climate change, has made Iraq uniquely at risk to the negative effects of climate change, with the UN ranking them the 5th most vulnerable country to climate change. Rising temperatures, intensified droughts, declining precipitation, desertification, salinization, and the increasing prevalence of dust storms are challenges Iraq faces due in to the negative impacts of climate change. National and regional political instability and conflict have made it difficult to mitigate the effects of climate change, address transnational water management, and develop sustainably. Climate change has negatively impacted Iraq's population through loss of economic opportunity, food insecurity, water scarcity, and displacement.
Nestlé Pakistan is a Pakistani food company which is a subsidiary of Swiss multinational company Nestlé. It is active in dairy, confectionery, coffee, beverages, infant nutrition and bottled drinking water areas. It is based in Lahore, Pakistan.
Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. Although the term specifically excludes seawater and brackish water, it does include non-salty mineral-rich waters such as chalybeate springs. Fresh water may encompass frozen and meltwater in ice sheets, ice caps, glaciers, snowfields and icebergs, natural precipitations such as rainfall, snowfall, hail/sleet and graupel, and surface runoffs that form inland bodies of water such as wetlands, ponds, lakes, rivers, streams, as well as groundwater contained in aquifers, subterranean rivers and lakes. Fresh water is the water resource that is of the most and immediate use to humans.
Climate change and cities are deeply connected. Cities are one of the greatest contributors and likely best opportunities for addressing climate change. Cities are also one of the most vulnerable parts of the human society to the effects of climate change, and likely one of the most important solutions for reducing the environmental impact of humans. More than half of the world's population is in cities, consuming a large portion of food and goods produced outside of cities. The increase of urban population growth is one of the main factors in air-quality problems. In the year 2016, 31 mega-cities reported having at least 10 million in their population, 8 of which surpassed 20 million people. However, secondary cities - small to medium size cities are rapidly increasing in number and are some of the fastest growing urbanizing areas in the world further contributing to climate change impacts. The UN projects that 68% of the world population will live in urban areas by 2050. Hence, cities have a significant influence on construction and transportation—two of the key contributors to global warming emissions. Moreover, because of processes that create climate conflict and climate refugees, city areas are expected to grow during the next several decades, stressing infrastructure and concentrating more impoverished peoples in cities.
References
- 1 2 https://senate.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1680588979_729.pdf
- ↑ "PAKISTAN COUNCIL OF RESEARCH IN WATER RESOURCES (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2023". August 16, 2023.
- ↑ "President gives assent to amendment in Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources bill". April 11, 2023.
- ↑ Desk, NNPS (November 8, 2023). "PCRWR declares 25 brands of bottled water unsafe for human consumption".
- ↑ "PERWR Declares 25 Brands Of Bottled Water Unsafe For Human Consumption". UrduPoint.
- ↑ "25 bottled water brands declared unsafe for human consumption". Dunya News. November 8, 2023.
- ↑ "Pak-China collaboration helps Pakistan combat water woes: PCRWR". Pakistan Observer . April 16, 2023.
- ↑ hussain, tehzeeb (April 17, 2023). "Pak-China collaboration helps Pakistan combat water woes: PCRWR".
- ↑ "Pak-China collaboration helps Pakistan combat water woes: PCRWR". April 16, 2023.
- 1 2 3 "The urgent need to address the water crisis". May 25, 2023.
- ↑ "From 'water stressed' to 'water starved' Pakistan". The Nation. March 11, 2023.
- ↑ "Water scarcity a major challenge in Pakistan". The Nation. March 14, 2023.
- ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Pakistan-Council-Of-Research-In-Water-Resources-Islamabad/publication/360514927_Pakistan_and_Sustainable_Development_Goals_Data_Book_of_Challenges_and_Achievements_2022/links/627b641ab1ad9f66c8b3e02d/Pakistan-and-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Data-Book-of-Challenges-and-Achievements-2022.pdf?origin=publication_detail