Pala | |
---|---|
Types | Musical theatre |
Originating culture | Odia & Bengali |
Originating era | 1510 CE. |
Pala is a cultural folk ballad form of Odisha, mix of Sanskrit & Odia literature. [1] [2] It is a group of five or six persons, who performs this art. The group consists of a 'Gayaka' (Main singer), a 'Bayaka' (drummer) and others are Palia (Chorus). The Gayaka has a 'Chamara' (fly whisker) in his hand, which he wieds with extreme flourish and a pair of cymbals in his right hand. He narrates episodes from puranic texts, punctuated with explanations. The chorus dance in very small with rhythmical steps along with Gayaka. [3]
Pala is found in Sarala Das's Mahabharata. It might have come to light when the Odia and Bengali culture blended into unity during Chaitanya's visit to Orissa in 1510 CE. [4]
The Pala generally performed on the occasion of Ekousia (21st day of the birth of a child, when the naming ceremony is observed) or 'Satyanarayana puja'. [5] There are two forms of Pala, both are associated with the worship of lord Satyanarayana. They are 'Baithaki' (sitting) and 'Thia' (standing). [6]
Sometimes, especially on the occasion of ritual festivals, competition of two or more groups are also arranged in which all the groups try their best to prove their moments. Thus, the singing gets elongated for several nights. As Pala in odisha dwells on ancient literature, a Pala singer is required to be a man well versed in Sanskrit and in odiya literature. The Pala singers commands the language of Sanskrit in at sharp and clear voice. [7]
Odia is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Indian state of Odisha. It is the official language in Odisha where native speakers make up 82% of the population, and it is also spoken in parts of West Bengal, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh. Odia is one of the many official languages of India; it is the official language of Odisha and the second official language of Jharkhand. The language is also spoken by a sizeable population of at least 1 million people in Chhattisgarh.
Jayadeva, also spelt Jaideva, was a Sanskrit poet during the 12th century. He is most known for his epic poem Gita Govinda which concentrates on Krishna's love with the gopi, Radha, in a rite of spring. This poem, which presents the view that Radha is greater than Krishna, is considered an important text in the Bhakti movement of Hinduism.
The name Odisha refers to the current state in India. In different areas, the region and parts of the region were known by different names. The boundaries of the region also have varied over time.
This article lists monuments and sites of historic importance in Odisha, India.
Swabhaba kabi Gangadhar Meher was a renowned Odia poet of the 19th century. Though poor in wealth and education, he remained one of the most prolific and original contributor to Odia literature.
Sadhabas were ancient mariners from the Kalinga region, which roughly corresponds to modern Odisha, India. They used ships called Boitas to travel to distant lands such as South-East Asia to carry out trade.
Odia literature is the literature written in the Odia language and predominantly originates in the Indian state of Odisha. The language is also spoken by minority populations of the neighbouring states of Jharkhand, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. The region has been known at different stages of history as Kalinga, Udra, Utkala or Hirakhanda. Odisha was a vast empire in ancient and medieval times, extending from the Ganges in the north to the Godavari in the south. During British rule, however, Odisha lost its political identity and formed parts of the Bengal and Madras Presidencies. The present state of Odisha was formed in 1936. The modern Odia language is formed mostly from Pali words with significant Sanskrit influence. About 28% of modern Odia words have Adivasi origins, and about 2% have Hindustani (Hindi/Urdu), Persian, or Arabic origins. The earliest written texts in the language are about thousand years old. The first Odia newspaper was Utkala Deepika first published on 4 August 1866.
Odisha is one of the 28 states of India, located in the eastern coast. It is surrounded by the states of West Bengal to the north-east, Jharkhand to the north, Chhattisgarh to the west and north-west, Andhra Pradesh to the south and south-west. Odia is the official and most widely spoken language, spoken by 33.2 million according to the 2001 Census. The modern state of Odisha was established on 1 April 1936, as a province in British India, and consisted predominantly of Odia-speaking regions. April 1 is celebrated as Odisha Day.
Sambalpuri is an Indo-Aryan language variety spoken in western Odisha, India. It is alternatively known as Western Odia, and as Kosali, a recently popularised but controversial term, which draws on an association with the historical region of Dakshina Kosala, whose territories also included the present-day Sambalpur region.
Chakulia panda is a sect of people from the Indian state of Odisha who are mostly found to live in the southern Odisha. The male members of this sect walk from door to door and recite religious poems, from early Odia literature and receive rice in return from the households. and "suanga" They are believed to be a "lower class" "dignified" brahmin. A Chakulia panda would be seen putting a mark of white sandalwood on the forehead, carrying a "chatri", and walking with a bag of rice on his shoulder singing songs. Offering rice to Chakulia panda is considered holier as compared to hundred Brahmins. They are heard reciting "Rama, Parasurama, Dasarathanandana Rama, Janakanandini Rama" while visiting houses. He never asks for alms during the entire course of his visit and accepts whatever is offered. Slowly this cultural presentation is diminishing delimiting the visit of Chakulia panda to houses and of them losing their livelihood.
He carries a bag full of rice, a bag of rice on his shoulder and sings a song "Give and persuade others to give; whatever you give will be returned to you in much larger quantity
Satyanarayana Rajguru was an Indian litterateur, epigraphist and historian. He was a curator and epigraphist at the Odisha State Museum and was a recipient of Sahitya Akademi Award, Bharati Bhushan award, Ganjam Sahitya Sammilani award, Odisha Sahitya Academy Award and Sarala Sanman. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest Indian civilian award of Padma Shri in 1974.
Panchali is an oral narrative form of songs and stories in Assamese and Bengali culture.(panchali gaan collectively refers to the Bengali ballad songs) During a panchali recitation, the singer walks among the listeners making gestures to accompany the story. The tradition is found among both Hindu and Muslim communities. The themes are typically religious and reflect a variety of impacts on the culture through a period of several centuries. Some focus on the duties of a good wife.
Subrat Kumar Prusty is an Indian Odia-language scholar, activist, social entrepreneur, literary critic and author. He is the Member Secretary of the Institute of Odia Studies and Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. He was prepared the research documentation and instrumental in advocating the classical status to Odia language forming Central Institute of Classical Odia, Odia University and implementation of the Orissa Official Language Act, 1954. He was selected the first Presidential Award of Maharshi Badrayan Vyas Samman – 2019 for Classical Odia.
Gajapati Maharaja Dibyasingha Deb is the current titular King of Puri. He is the descendant of the Eastern Ganga Dynasty through Bada Khemundi and Bamra Branch who were adopted by Bhoi dynasty Rulers of Puri where the royal family currently resides. The Gajapati Maharaja is the current "Adhyasevak" of Lord Jagannath and according to some customs also considered to be the living reflection of the Lord. He is also the chairman of the Shri Jagannath Temple Managing Committee.
Laxminarayan Mishra was a freedom fighter and writer from Odisha, India. He was one of the most active nationalists of Western Odisha.
Gouri Kumar Brahma was an academician, literary critic, orator and writer. His works are mainly in Odia and Sanskrit. He was popular for his talks on Jagannath culture and literature of Upendra Bhanja in Odia, English Sanskrit and Hindi. He died at Bhubaneswar.
The Paik or Paika (Odia:ପାଇକ) is a Militia community, found in Odisha state of India.
Mukunda Deva or Mukunda Harichandana was the founder of "Chalukya dynasty" in ancient Orissa. He traced his descent from the Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi. He was the sole monarch of his dynasty and the last independent Hindu king of Orissa before it lost its unitary realm and independence in 1568 CE. He came to the throne at Kataka in 1559 after killing Raghuram Chotaraya, the last Bhoi ruler. During his reign he tried to revive the power of Orissa.
Gajapati Rāmachandra Deva I was the founder of the Bhoi dynasty of Khurda in Odisha, India. He became the ruler of Utkal after defeating Mukunda Deva in 1568. He claimed descent from the Yaduvamsa of Mahabharata. The Odia populace gave him the title of "Thākura Rājā" as a mark of respect for renovating the damaged Hindu temples that were destroyed by the invasion of Kalapahad. He was titled as Vira Sri Gajapati Viradhi Viravara Pratapi Ramachandra Deva.[needs Eng. translation]
Swargadwara is a cremation ground and one of India's most auspicious mortuary sites. It is located at on the shore of Bay of Bengal, about a mile to the south of Jagannath Temple and southeastern area of the city Puri in Odisha. Where anyone can watch the cremations from a respectful distance. Generally the Hindus believe that, by cremated in Swargadwara, they will go to heaven for liberating their soul and will attain ultimate salvation.