Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 3035 (or P. Oxy. XLII 3035) is a warrant for the arrest of a Christian, issued by the authorities of the Roman Empire. This is one of the earliest uses of the word Christian attested on papyrus.
The order was issued by the head of the Oxyrhynchus ruling council, to the police in a country village, to arrest a man described as a Christian (note χρισιανόν, the papyrus has the early spelling, χρησιανόν). The charge which makes the Christian liable for arrest is not given. [1]
The manuscript is dated precisely in its closing lines to the third year of the co-regency of Valerian and Gallienus his son, in the third day of the Egyptian month Phamenoth (known as Paremhat in the Coptic calendar). The equivalent date in the Gregorian calendar is 28 February 256 AD.
1 | π[αρὰ] τοῦ πρυτάνεως | From the governor |
2 | κωμάρχαις καὶ ἐπιστάταις εἰρήνης | to village rulers and officers of peace |
3 | κώμης Μερμέρθων. ἐξαυτῆς ἀνα- | of the village of Mermerthon. At once |
4 | πέμψατε Πετοσαρᾶπιν Ὥρου χρησι- | send up Petosarapin of Horus a Christian, |
5 | ανὸν, ἢ ὑμεῖς αὐτοὶ ἀνέλθατε. | or you yourselves come up. |
6 | [ἔτους] 3 Οὐαλεριανοῦ καὶ Γαλλιηνοῦ Σεβαστῶν | During the third year of Valerian and Gallienus the August [pl.] |
7 | Φαμενὼθ 3. | Phamenoth 3. |
The Oxyrhynchus Papyri are a group of manuscripts discovered during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by papyrologists Bernard Pyne Grenfell and Arthur Surridge Hunt at an ancient rubbish dump near Oxyrhynchus in Egypt.
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POxy 1464 is a document that was found at the city of Oxyrhynchus in Egypt. This document was given to a Roman citizen to certify performance of a pagan sacrifice, hence demonstrating loyalty to the authorities of the Roman Empire. Such a document is called a libellus, and this was one of four libelli found at Oxyrhynchus.
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Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 405 is a fragment from a copy dating to c. 200 CE of the early Christian work Against Heresies, written by Irenaeus of Lyon around 180 CE.
Papyrus 113, designated by 𝔓113, is a fragment of an early copy of a section of the New Testament in Greek. It comes from a papyrus manuscript of the Epistle to the Romans. The surviving text features parts of Romans 2:12-13 on one side of the fragment and parts of 2:29 on the other.
Dirk D. Obbink is an American papyrologist and classicist. He was Lecturer in Papyrology and Greek Literature in the Faculty of Classics at Oxford University until 6 February 2021, and was the head of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri Project until August 2016. Obbink was also a fellow and tutor in Greek at Christ Church Oxford, from which role he was suspended in October 2019, as a result of allegations that he had stolen some of the Oxyrhynchus papyri and sold them to the Museum of the Bible.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 1 is a papyrus fragment of the logia of Jesus written in Greek. It was among the first of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri discovered by Grenfell and Hunt. It was discovered on the second day of excavation, 12 January 1897, in the garbage mounds in the Egyptian town of Oxyrhynchus. The fragment is dated to the early half of the 3rd century. Grenfell and Hunt originally dated the fragment between 150 and 300, but "probably not written much later than the year 200." It was later discovered to be the oldest manuscript of the Gospel of Thomas.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 16 is a fragment of the fourth book of the History of the Peloponnesian War by Thucydides in Greek. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The fragment is dated to the first century. It is housed in the University of Pennsylvania Museum. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 29 is a fragment of the second book of the Elements of Euclid in Greek. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The fragment was originally dated to the end of the third century or the beginning of the fourth century, although more recent scholarship suggests a date of 75–125 CE. It is housed in the library of the University of Pennsylvania. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 64 is an order for an arrest, written in Greek. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The document was written in the third or the early fourth century. Currently it is housed in the Princeton University Library in Princeton. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 65 is an order for an arrest, written in Greek. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The document was written in the third or the early fourth century. Currently it is housed in the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.
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Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 210 is an early Christian fragment, written in Greek. It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a codex. It is dated to the third century. Currently it is housed in the Cambridge University Library (4048) in Cambridge.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 217 is a letter to a king of Macedon by an unknown author, written in Greek. It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a roll. It is dated to the third century AD. Currently it is housed in the Cambridge University Library (35) in Cambridge.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 256 is a fragment of a census return, in Greek. It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It is dated to the year 34. Currently it is housed in the Union Theological Seminary in New York City.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 581 is a papyrus fragment written in Ancient Greek, apparently recording the sale of a slave girl. Dating from 29 August 99 AD, P. Oxy. 581 was discovered, alongside hundreds of other papyri, by Bernard Pyne Grenfell and Arthur Surridge Hunt while excavating an ancient landfill at Oxyrhynchus in modern Egypt. The document's contents were published by the Egypt Exploration Fund in 1898, which also secured its donation to University College, Dundee, later the University of Dundee, in 1903 – where it still resides. Measuring 6.3 x 14.7 cm and consisting of 17 lines of text, the artifact represents the conclusion of a longer record, although the beginning of the papyrus was lost before it was found. P. Oxy. 581 has received a modest amount of scholarly attention, most recently and completely in a 2009 translation by classicist Amin Benaissa of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford.