Parahydrogen-induced polarization

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Parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) is a hyperpolarization method utilizing parahydrogen (one of the two spin isomers of hydrogen), which can temporarily increase the signal intensity commonly in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and has been explored in many demonstrations using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiments. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] PHIP methods are commonly categorized in two ways – hydrogenative PHIP and non-hydrogenative PHIP. [2] [3] In hydrogenative PHIP, the parahydrogen is being added directly to the molecular site via hydrogenation reaction. [6] [2] [1] Commonly encountered types of hydrogenative PHIP techniques include PASADENA and ALTADENA. [7] [8] [1] In non-hydrogenative PHIP, spin order transfer from the parahydrogen to the target nuclei of interest occurs through a catalyst in a reversible exchange process. [9] [10] [3] Common types of non-hydrogenative PHIP methods include SABRE. [9] [10] [3] PHIP methods have most commonly been applied to NMR spectroscopy, which can include in-vitro metabolite monitoring, in addition to in-vivo or ex-vivo MRI demonstrations. [3] [11] [5] [12] [4]

References

  1. 1 2 3 Natterer, Johannes; Bargon, Joachim (1997). "Parahydrogen induced polarization". Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. 31 (4): 293–315. doi:10.1016/S0079-6565(97)00007-1.
  2. 1 2 3 Green, Richard A.; Adams, Ralph W.; Duckett, Simon B.; Mewis, Ryan E.; Williamson, David C.; Green, Gary G. R. (2012). "The theory and practice of hyperpolarization in magnetic resonance using parahydrogen". Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. 67: 1–48. doi:10.1016/j.pnmrs.2012.03.001.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Duckett, Simon B.; Mewis, Ryan E. (2012). "Application of parahydrogen induced polarization techniques in NMR spectroscopy and imaging". Accounts of Chemical Research. 45 (8): 1247–1257. doi:10.1021/ar2003094.
  4. 1 2 Hövener, Jan-Bernd; Pravdivtsev, Andrey N.; Kidd, Bryce; Bowers, C. Russell; Glöggler, Stefan; Kovtunov, Kirill V. (2018). "Parahydrogen-Based Hyperpolarization for Biomedicine". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 57 (35): 11140–11162. doi:10.1002/anie.201711842.
  5. 1 2 Chekmenev, Eduard Y. (2008). "PASADENA hyperpolarization of succinic acid for MRI and NMR spectroscopy". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 130: 4212–4213. doi:10.1021/ja7101218.
  6. ↑ Eisenschmid, Thomas C.; Kirss, Rein U.; Deutsch, Paul P.; Hommeltoft, Sven I.; Eisenberg, Richard; Bargon, Joachim; Lawler, Ronald G.; Balch, Alan L. (1987). "Para hydrogen induced polarization in hydrogenation reactions". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 109: 8089–8091. doi:10.1021/ja00260a026.
  7. ↑ Bowers, C. Russell; Weitekamp, Daniel P. (1987). "Parahydrogen and synthesis allow dramatically enhanced nuclear alignment". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 109 (18): 5541–5542. doi:10.1021/ja00252a049.
  8. ↑ Pravica, Michael G.; Weitekamp, Daniel P. (1988). "Net NMR alignment by adiabatic transport of parahydrogen addition products to high magnetic field". Chemical Physics Letters. 145 (4): 255–258. doi:10.1016/0009-2614(88)80002-2.
  9. 1 2 Adams, Ralph W.; Aguilar, Juan A.; Atkinson, Kevin D.; Cowley, Michael J.; Elliott, Paul I. P.; Duckett, Simon B.; Green, Gary G. R.; Khazal, Imad G.; López-Serrano, Jorge; Williamson, David C. (2009). "Reversible interactions with para-hydrogen enhance NMR sensitivity by polarization transfer". Science. 323 (5922): 1708–1711. doi:10.1126/science.1168877.
  10. 1 2 Barskiy, Danila A.; Knecht, Stephan; Yurkovskaya, Alexandra V.; Ivanov, Konstantin L. (2019). "SABRE: Chemical kinetics and spin dynamics of the formation of hyperpolarization". Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. 114–115: 33–70. doi:10.1016/j.pnmrs.2019.05.005.
  11. ↑ Reineri, Francesca; Boi, Tatiana; Aime, Silvio (2015). "ParaHydrogen Induced Polarization of 13C carboxylate resonance in acetate and pyruvate". Nature Communications. 6: 5858. doi:10.1038/ncomms6858.
  12. ↑ Bhattacharya, Pratip (2007). "Towards hyperpolarized 13C-succinate imaging of brain cancer". Journal of Magnetic Resonance. 186 (1): 150–155. doi:10.1016/j.jmr.2007.01.017.
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