Pedro Hernandez Dominguez (born 1932) is a Cuban American artist primarily known for his sculptures in wood and stone as well as paper medium works. Since beginning his art career in the 1950s, he has been primarily active in Cuba, the United States, and Europe. He is among the significant contributing artists to the establishment of Cuban art in South Florida during the 20th century. His artwork has gained recognition for his awards, use in public art, coverage in media and published Cuban art literature, as well as international exhibitions. Hernandez is included in the permanent collection of the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes de La Habana, the Museum of Geometric and MADI Art, the City of Hialeah, and the Miami-Dade Public Library System.
Pedro Hernández Domínguez was born on August 11, 1932, in Havana, Cuba.[1][2][3] He was the only child of Havana medical doctor Pedro Lorenzo Hernández Gómez and his wife Eliosa Domínguez Lopez.[4] Hernández was subsequently raised in Havana and attended the Instituto Edison de La Habana for both his primary and secondary education.[1] He then pursued dual careers in medicine and the arts as a sculptor, graduating with his doctorate in medicine from the University of Havana in 1957.[2][3] That same year he participated in his first art exhibition in which he quickly established himself and was awarded the Third Prize in Sculpture at the Círculo de Bellas Artes of Havana.[4] Following this debut, Hernández was invited the following year by artist Raquel Lazaro, then-president of Havana's prestigious Lyceum Lawn Tennis Club, to participate in the Lyceum's collective 1958 exhibition Artistas Noveles.[1]
1959 would be a formative year for Hernández early career. That year he was accepted into and participated in the Annual Exhibition of Fine Arts (Painting, Sculpture and Engraving) at the Palacio de Bellas Artes of Havana with other leading Cuban sculptors including Roberto Estopiñán, Enrique Gay Garcia, Tomas Olivia, and Rudolfo Tardo.[1] Hernández also exhibited his sculpture Trio at the prominent Cuban art gallery Color Luz, owned by the painters Loló Soldevilla and Pedro de Oraá.[1]
While immersing himself in the Havana art scene, he was introduced to leading Cuban Vanguardia artist Victor Manuel, regarded as the Father of Modern Cuban Art, in 1959 by their mutual friend, Cuban painter Jorge Perez Castaño.[2] Hernández and Victor Manuel became close friends and would exhibit together.[1] Hernández would also become connected to other prominent Cuban artists in this period including Amelia Peláez and Jose Maria Mijares.[4]
During the 1960s, Hernández' art career expanded to become active internationally. In 1960 he was selected among the artists chosen to represent Cuba in the InterAmerican Biennial in Mexico. In 1964 Hernández began to work in clay after being inspired by witnessing the ceramic works of Amelia Peláez and her assistant Merallo.[1] In 1965, Hernández held a joint exhibition with Victor Manuel displaying Hernández's sculptures alongside Manuel's paintings at the Lyceum Tennis Club. The showing was met with acclaim and gave Hernández significant further exposure for his art career through coverage by major Cuban media of the time, including by prominent Cuban art critic Loló de la Torriente of El Mundo.[5] The rest of the decade would see Hernández relocate and establish his art beyond Cuba.
Art career in the United States
Hernández and his family left Cuba in 1968. After initially staying in Spain, they permanently resettled in Miami in 1969 where they joined the Cuban exile community there.[2] In 1971 he became connected to the Romanian artist Gigi Aramescu who would become another close associate and significant influence on his art.[4]
One decade following his joint exhibition with Victor Manuel at Havana's Lyceum Tennis Club, Hernández resumed his exhibiting career with the first showing of his art in United States as part of the 1975 Semana de la Cultura Cubana collective exhibition in the University of Miami.[4] In 1977 Hernández exhibited in the second Re-Encuentro Cubano exhibition alongside other prominent Cuban artists in exile such as Rafael Soriano, and Gabriel Sorzano, and Grupo GALA-founder Enrique Riveron.[4] Hernández would also participate in the third installment of the exhibition in 1978. Also in 1978, Hernandez collaborated with artist and Miami-Dade Public Library System Community Relations Director Margarita Cano to participate in fourteen annual exhibitions in various system libraries. Two would be solo exhibitions of Hernández's work: one 1982 at the registered landmark Coral Gables Library, and another in 1986 at the Coral Reef Library.[1] Hernández would also enter the Miami-Dade Public Library System's permanent collection, which had been founded by Cano.[4]
The late 1970s and early 1980s would be another pivotal period in Hernández's career. In a major development, Hernández expanded his output beyond sculpture in 1979 with the development of what would be called "cut drawings" by critic and curator Juan Espinosa Almodóvar.[1] Made from layers of cut colored paper with forms that evoked his organic sculptures, Hernández's cut-drawings have been recognized as innovative by many art critics including Almodóvar, Armando Alvarez Bravo, and Margarita Cano, and would grow to become one of his signature mediums alongside wood sculpture.[4] The following year, Hernández joined the international Biomorphism art movement in 1980 after being influenced by the work of Hans Arp.[1] That year he also participated in Re-Encuetro Cubano's last major exhibition, spotlighting the then-contemporary Peruvian Havana Embassy crisis, during which 10865 Cuban took refuge in Havana's Peruvian Embassy.[1]
In 1981 Hernández participated in the Miami Tumble performance art piece, the first work of street art in Miami, organized by Margarita Cano alongside contributions by other leading contemporary artists such as Andy Warhol, Barbara Young, and Lowell Nesbitt.[1] In 1982 he began signing his works as simply "Pedro Hernández" (as opposed to "Hernández Domínguez") and also began to work with bronze as a new sculptural medium. He is also the subject of a solo exhibition in the Coral Gables Library, which includes his wood sculptures as well as his Blue Series of cut-drawings.[2] The following year Hernández was awarded the CINTAS Foundation for Visual Arts in sculpture of 1983–1984.[3][6]
In 1987 Hernández participated in a collective exhibition in Tonneins-Bordeaux, France coordinated by International Art Connection, for which he won an award for one of his cut-drawings, El Teide.[1] The following year another of his cut-drawings, the triptych Medusa, was exhibited in the Palais du Luxembourg.[1] In 1991 Hernández created a conceptual "forest" art installation of free-standing wood beams for the Metro Resource Center in downtown Miami.[1]
In 1998 Hernandez exhibited with the New London Art Society Gallery in Connecticut as well as in the launch of O&Y Gallery in Coral Gables with noted Cuban painter Miguel Ordoqui.[1][7] O&Y Gallery, overseen by artistic director Alina Marrero, would represent Hernández for much of the following decade from 1998 to 2007, in which time Hernández exhibited frequently.[3] Significant exhibitions of Hernández's work from his time with O&Y Gallery included Medusa (2000), Maison des Dames (2003), and Venezia, La Serenissima (2007).[8][9]
Another pivotal development in Hernández's career came with the new millennium as he further expanded his oeuvre into the mediums of soapstone and alabaster. In 2001, his cut drawing Horizon was accepted into and featured in the 2nd World Festival of Art on Paper, held in Bled, Slovenia.[1] That same year Hernández was recruited to participate in Absolut Chalk, a large-scale street art project in Miami Beach sponsored by Absolut Vodka.[1]
In 2006 Hernández was selected and commissioned to produce the large scale metal sculpture Hialeah Beat as a public artwork for the City of Hialeah through its Art in Public Places Program.[10] The piece was later exhibited in the 2024 exhibition In Plain Sight: Public Art in Miami x Artists of Cuban Heritage in Belen Jesuit's Saladrigas Gallery.[11][12] In 2008 he was the subject of a solo exhibition in Stonington, Connecticut organized by painters Guido Garaycochea and José Ulloa featuring both sculpture and cut-drawings.[4] Two years later he exhibited additional cut-drawings in Connecticut's Lyman Allyn Art Museum.[4]
2012 was another transition period in Hernández career in which he expanded his involvement in exhibitions into curation. That year he began curating the 7 Plus One Art Project, and has since curated other exhibitions. Hernández 's involvement in the 7 Plus One Art Project came through Cuban artist Emilio Hector Rodriguez with the initial concept centered on exhibiting seven painters and one sculptor.[13] Also in 2012, Hernández's own work began a stylist shift towards geometric abstraction. This shift was the shown in the collective exhibition Lines: Contemporary Geometric Abstraction held at Cremata Art Gallery.[1]
In July 2015, Hernández was the focus of the solo exhibition Geometry in Motion in Miami Dade College's West Campus with text by art historian Anelys Álvarez Muñoz.[1][13]
In 2024 he was the subject of the solo exhibition Pedro Hernandez: Geometric Abstraction in the Museum of Contemporary Art of The Americas. The exhibition showcased his later-career focus on geometric abstraction since 2012, particularly through his cut-drawings and ceramic plates.[1]
Artwork analysis
Hernández's artwork has been extensively critiqued by noted critics of Cuban and American art, including José Gómez-Sicre, Loló de la Torriente[es], Juan Espinosa Almodóvar, Rafael Casalíns, Armando Alvarez Bravo, and Lillian Dobbs.[5][2][15]
His sculpture works are considered part of the international Biomorphism movement and known for their organic and fluid qualities that convey movement. While often abstract, his works have frequently been associated with sensual or poetic themes.[16] Hernandez also frequently incorporates elements of color, such as blue patina, into the grooves of his sculptures to emphasize and enhance their forms.[2] Within his creative process, Hernández has stated in interviews that he never begins his works with any objective or goal for the piece, instead utilizing an intuitive process that responds to the unique qualities he finds within the medium he is working with.[2] As a multimedia and interdisciplinary artist, Hernández is most known for his work in wood, though he has also worked within the mediums of stone, metal, marble, alabaster, paper, ceramic as well as mixed media, conceptual, and installation art.
Despite being an autodidact, Hernández art has been influenced by the work of other artists.[2] De la Torriente, Alvarez Bravo, and other critics have noted influence from Cuban artists Wifredo Lam and Agustin Cárdenas while Hernández has also acknowledged influence from European artists Hans Arp and Gigi Aramescu.[5][2] Hernández has also drawn inspiration from various multicultural sources. His cut-drawings have been influenced by Panamanian molas and his broader oeuvre has drawn influence from the stylistic fluidity of Art Nouveau movement as well as elements of African art and art of New Guinea.[2][3]
In de la Torriente's critique of Hernández's joint exhibition with Victor Manuel, she assessed that Hernández "is a great and pure sculptor who extracts all the values from the piece he is working on [...]. His vertical works Jibacoa, Enlace, and Erosion contain a beauty that stylizes human aspirations. The horizontals [...] display an imaginative flight and recreate a harmonic serenity that compete with dreams."[5]
Among Hernández's significant works is his Medusa series. Spanning several mediums, the series began in the 1980s through his paper cut-drawings medium and, in 2000, the series was also among Hernández's first forays into stone sculpture, reinforced by its conceptual ties to the Greek myth of Medusa.[4] Works from the series have been exhibited in the United States in Europe. Key works include the triptych Medusa Antillana (1989, cut-drawing), The Eye (2000, cut-drawing), Land of the Gorgons (2000, cut-drawing), Aegean Medusa (2000, cut-drawing), and The Eye of the Serpent (2000, black soapstone sculpture).[4] The series was the focus of Hernández's 2000 Coral Gables solo exhibition Medusa in O&Y Gallery.[8]
Since 2012, Hernández work has increasingly shifted into an embrace of abstract and geometric art. His work since this shift has been featured at The Museum of Geometric and MADI Art and the Museum of Contemporary Art of The Americas.[14][1]
Recognition and legacy
Throughout his six decade career, Hernández's work has been covered extensively in media, including by Diario Las Americas, The Miami Herald, The Miami News, El Mundo, Revista Replica, La Peregrina Magazine, Florida Exclusive Magazine, La Voz, ARTDISTRICTS Magazine, and Nagari Magazine.[17][18][10][2][15][5][19][16][20][13][4] He has also been mentioned in published literature of Cuban art, including the books books Cuban Art in Exile by José Gómez Sicre (1989), El Arte Cubano En El Exilio by Armando Alvarez Bravo (2015), Escultura en Cuba: Siglo XX by Jose Veigas Zamora (2005), and Cuban-American Art in Miami: Exile, Identity, and the Neo-Baroque by Lynette M.F. Bosch (2004).[21][22][23] In 2013 he was the subject of book Pedro Hernández: Line in Movement, the first official monograph of his career produced with his participation.[4]
Hernández has exhibited his work in the United States, Europe and Latin America, including in New York City, Washington D.C., Miami, Connecticut, France, Cuba, Slovenia, Panama, Costa Rica, and Luxembourg. In addition to commercial fine art galleries, his work has been featured in several museums, cultural centers, and venues such as the Koubek Center, the Lyman Allyn Art Museum, the Museum of Contemporary Art of The Americas, Museum of Geometric and MADI Art, the Cuban Museum of Art and Culture, Museo de Bellas Artes, Mexico, D.F., Musée du Luxembourg, Palacio de Bellas Artes de la Habana, and the Palais du Luxembourg.[1][4]
Outside of traditional art venues and circuits, Hernández has also been commissioned for public art and collaborated with established companies and organizations such as Absolut Vodka and Miami Children's Hospital, as well as participated in charity art auctions.[4]
He exhibited his work alongside other prominent Cuban artists such as painters Victor Manuel, Rafael Soriano, Enrique Riveron, Lourdes Gómez Franca, sculptors Enrique Gay Garcia, Tony Lopez, Rafael Consuegra, and Gabriel Sorzano.[4] He has also exhibited with international artists not of Cuban heritage, such as Gigi Aramescu, Neith Nevelson, and Roxana McAllister-Kelly.[1][4][15]
Awards
Hernández's work has been recognized with several awards throughout his career in Cuba, the United States, and France. They include:
1957: Third Prize in Sculpture, Círculo de Bellas Artes, Havana, Cuba[1]
2008: One man show: Sense & Sensible, Latins in the Borough Art Gallery, Connecticut[4]
2008: Latin America: Toward an Apollonian Expression, Latins in the Borough Art Gallery & Hygienic Art Gallery, Connecticut[4]
2009: Hispanic Art Expressions, Coral Gables and Doral, Florida[4]
2009: Abstractomicina, Cremata Fine Arts Gallery, Miami[4]
2010: Members Collect: The Thrill of the Chase, Lyman Allyn Art Museum, Connecticut[4]
2011: Contemporary Art from the Latin World, LNVA Permanent Collection, Charles A. Shain Library at Connecticut College, Connecticut[4]
2012: Real Abstraction, Miami-Dade College West Campus, Doral[1]
2015: Geometry in Motion, Miami-Dade College MDC-West, Miami[1]
2019: Museum of Geometric and MADI Art 2019 Biennale: Origins in Geometry, The Museum of Geometric and MADI Art, Dallas, Texas[14]
2024: In Plain Sight: Public Art in Miami x Artists of Cuban Heritage, Saladrigas Gallery, Belen Jesuit Preparatory School, Miami[12]
2024: Pedro Hernandez: Geometric Abstraction, the Museum of Contemporary Art of The Americas, Miami[1]
Personal life
Hernández married his wife Margarita Saíz Lopez (1931–2021) in 1958.[4] The two would have a daughter, Margarita, in 1960 and a son, Pedro Javier, in 1964, and a granddaughter Sydney in 2000.[4]
Permanent collections
Hernández art has been included in the following public collections:
Cundo Bermúdez, born Secundino (Cundo) Bermúdez y Delgado, was a Cuban painter. Born in Havana, Cuba, he died of a heart attack in his Westchester home on October 30, 2008.
Luis Vega De Castro is a Cuban artist. Since 1980 he has lived in Miami, Florida, United States. He works in graphic design, painting, drawing and illustration, and has been noted for his work in film posters.
Emilio Falero is a Cuban Fine Arts painter residing in Florida.
Rubén Torres Llorca is a Cuban artist specializing in painting, drawing, sculpture, collages, and photography. He studied from 1972 to 1976 at the Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes "San Alejandro" in Havana and from 1976 to 1981, studied at the Instituto Superior de Arte (ISA), also in Havana. Torres resided in Mexico City, Mexico, from 1990 to 1993 and has resided in Miami, Florida, since 1993.
Antonio Sánchez Araujo (1887–1946) was a Cuban costumbrista painter, during the early years of the Cuban republic. His paintings have been admired for their strong colorful and definite techniques. He was born in Santa Lucía, Oriente Province, in 1887. He formally started his drawing and painting studies at that institution located in Havana, Cuba.
Humberto Calzada is a Cuban-American artist living in Miami, Florida, since 1960.
Carlos Enrique Prado is a contemporary Cuban artist recognized for his contributions to the fields of ceramic sculpture and public art. Currently residing in Miami, Florida, Prado is actively engaged in both the creation of his art and the sharing of his expertise as a professor at the University of Miami in Coral Gables. His artistic endeavors span various mediums, including sculpture, ceramics, drawing, digital art, performance, installations, and interventions, showcasing versatility and creativity throughout his career. One of his notable recent achievements is the completion of the Ronald Reagan Equestrian Monument, a major public sculpture commissioned by Miami-Dade County and situated at the Tropical Park in Miami, Florida. In 2023, Carlos was selected as a member of the International Academy of Ceramics (AIC/IAC) based in Geneva, Switzerland. His affiliation with the AIC/IAC not only signifies his international recognition but also underscores his active engagement with the global ceramics community.
Josignacio is a Cuban Contemporary artist and author. He is among the most significant living contemporary Cuban and Latin American artists due to his career auction records, paint medium innovations, and association with notable cultural events, venues, and celebrity figures in the United States and Cuba.
Dulce Beatriz was a Cuban-born artist known for her Impressionist-style paintings.
José María Mijares was a Cuban contemporary visual artist. He began drawing in his adolescent years and entered the San Alejandro Academy of Fine Arts on a scholarship at the age of 16. His greatest influences were the artists of the "Havana School": Carlos Enríquez, René Portocarrero, Cundo Bermúdez, as well as his professors, most notable being modernist painter Fidelio Ponce. He was also a part of the influential group, Los Diez Pintores Concretos, or as they are usually referred to, Los Diez. Although the group had a relatively short life, 1959–1961, and exhibited together only a few times, they remain an important part of Cuba's art history especially in the pre-Castro years and leading up to the revolution. He left Cuba in 1968, resigning his teaching position at the academy when Fidel Castro came into power. Based in Miami, he continued to be a prolific painter and until his death in 2004, at the age of 82.
Rafael Consuegra was a Cuban-born American sculptor and ceramist who worked in the United States and Europe.
Dionisio Perkins, better known as Dennis Perkins, was a Cuban artist recognized as a key member of the early Cuban exile art community in South Florida.
Miguel Jorge (1928–1984), also known as “Micky” Jorge, was a Cuban artist who was influential in the establishment of South Florida's early Latin American art market in the Greater Miami area from the 1960s through the 1980s.
Luis Marín is a Cuban Neo-expressionist painter and visual artist. He has been active internationally in the arts since the 1980s and is featured in the permanent collections of several prominent fine art institutions including the Museum of Latin American Art and Museum of Art Fort Lauderdale.
Alfredo Martinez is a Cuban-American art collector, fine art photographer, curator, dealer, promoter, author, and former gallerist. He became a prominent figure in the Latin American fine art market internationally and particularly in South Florida after he began organizing art exhibitions in the mid-1980s. Martinez's professional and philanthropic art events and patronage activities were distinctive for referencing contemporary social issues, such as AIDS and underrepresented cultures in the arts. Martinez owned and operated two major art galleries and other art-related businesses based in Coral Gables, Florida. He has organized art exhibitions, lectures, and auctions throughout the United States and Latin America, including South Florida, New Hampshire, Argentina, Panama, and Costa Rica.
Adriano Adolfo Fernandez Nicot is a Cuban-American painter and poet based in Miami, Florida. He is known for a distinctive Neo-Expressionist style and is closely associated with the prominent Cuban artists Antonia Eiriz, Manuel Vidal Fernández, and Hilda Vidal Valdés. After becoming established in Cuba, Nicot relocated to the United States in the late 1990s. His work has since been featured in several books and exhibitions in the US and in Latin America.
Marta Cazañas Permuy was a Cuban-American fine art patron, art collector, curator, art dealer, and promoter based in Coral Gables, Florida. She was an influential figure in the establishment of the Latin American art market of South Florida. She managed and co-founded Permuy Gallery, one of the first venues dedicated to Cuban art in the United States. She also hosted a long-running art salon where South Florida art, literary, business, and political figures would gather to discuss art and culture.
Margarita Cano was a Cuban-American artist, curator, scholar, former liaison of the Miami-Dade Public Library System and Center for the Fine Arts, and former Head of Community Relations for the Miami-Dade Public Library System. She was a significant contributor to the development of the Latin American art market of South Florida as a leading figure in the City of Miami and Miami-Dade County public library systems. Cano is responsible for launching the permanent art collection of the Miami-Dade County Library System as well as spearheading several milestone Miami art and literary events of the 1980s, such as Surrounded Islands, The Miami Generation exhibition, and the Miami Book Fair.
Ramón Unzueta was a Cuban-Spanish painter most active in the United States, Spain, and France. In the United States he was a significant figure in the emergence of the Little Havana art market in Miami during the early 21st century. In his lifetime Unzueta received contemporary cultural recognition through public honors, media coverage, and high-profile international collaborations and commissions. Since his death, his work and career have been the subject of analysis through published literature, film, and posthumous exhibitions. Unzueta's work is featured in the permanent collections of the Frost Art Museum and the American Museum of the Cuban Diaspora.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Alvarez Bravo, Armando (2 September 1989). "La Vitalidad en la Escultura de Pedro Hernandez". El Nuevo Herald (in Spanish). Miami, Florida. p.1D.
1 2 3 4 5 6 de la Torriente, Lolo (19 January 1965). "Dibujos de Victor Manuel y maderas de Hernandez en el Lyceum Lawn Tennis Club". El Mundo, La Habana (in Spanish). Havana, Cuba: El Mundo. p.4.
↑ Casalins, Rafael (17 August 1983). "Creadores cubanos logran becas". El Nuevo Herald.
1 2 Alvarez Bravo, Armando (5 April 1998). "Hernandez en una nueva galeria". El Nuevo Herald (in Spanish). p.7F.
1 2 3 Alvarez Bravo, Armando (17 September 2000). "Pedro Hernandez y los Mitos". El Nuevo Herald (in Spanish). p.2E.
1 2 Alvarez Bravo, Armando (20 April 2003). "Maison des Dames en Coral Gables". El Nuevo Herald (in Spanish). p.2E.
1 2 3 Rodriguez, Jennifer (23 November 2006). "Art unveiled for public display". The Miami Herald. Hialeah. p.12.
↑ San Juan, Sylvie. "NEW ART EXHIBITION TO OPEN". www.belenjesuit.org. Belen Jesuit Preparatory School. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
1 2 "ABOUT THE EXHIBITION". www.belenjesuit.org. Belen Jesuit Preparatory School. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
↑ Luis Felipe, Marsans (13 December 1980). "Musica y cultura". Diario Las Americas.
↑ Hernandez, Jesus (25 April 2003). "Eroticismo versus Interpretacion". Diario Las Americas (in Spanish).
↑ Carbonell, Galaor (April 1991). "Pedro Hernandez: Sus escultores". Revista Replica (in Spanish). XXII-1991 (891): 30–33.
↑ Lopez Romero, Edmundo (7 May 1987). "Pedro Hernandez". La Voz (in Spanish). New Jersey. p.18.
↑ Gomez Sicre, Jose (1987). Art of Cuba in Exile. Washington D.C.: Editora Munder. ISBN9780897294676.
↑ Alvarez Bravo, Armando (2015). El Arte Cubano En El Exilio (in Spanish). Miami, Florida: Ediciones Universal. ISBN9781593882679.
↑ Bosch, Lynette M.F. (2004). Cuban-American Art In Miami: Exile, Identity And The Neo-Baroque. Lund Humphries. ISBN9780853319078.
↑ Alvarez Bravo, Armando (4 July 1999). "Pedro Hernandez en Connecticut". El Nuevo Herald (in Spanish). p.2F.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
