Gniezno is a city in central-western Poland, about 50 kilometres east of Poznań. Its population in 2021 was 66,769, making it the sixth-largest city in the Greater Poland Voivodeship. One of the Piast dynasty's chief cities, it was the first historical capital of Poland in the 10th century and early 11th century, and it was mentioned in 10th-century sources, possibly including the Dagome Iudex, as the capital of Piast Poland.
The Grand Duchy of Posen was part of the Kingdom of Prussia, created from territories annexed by Prussia after the Partitions of Poland, and formally established following the Napoleonic Wars in 1815. Per agreements derived at the Congress of Vienna it was to have some autonomy. However, in reality it was subordinated to Prussia and the proclaimed rights for Polish subjects were not fully implemented. On 9 February 1849, the Prussian administration renamed the grand duchy the Province of Posen. Its former name was unofficially used afterward for denoting the territory, especially by Poles, and today is used by modern historians to refer to different political entities until 1918. Its capital was Posen.
Kościan is a town on the Obra canal in west-central Poland, with a population of 23,952 inhabitants as of June 2014. Situated in the Greater Poland Voivodeship, it is the capital of Kościan County.
TCL or Tcl or TCLs may refer to:
Trzemeszno is a town in Gniezno County in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It is situated on the eastern shore of the Popielewskie Lake, and is one of the oldest settlements in the region.
The Central Economic Society for the Grand Duchy of Poznań was a social-economic organization of Polish landowners in the Greater Poland region established at a meeting held 13–17 February 1861 as a result of a merger of several local societies.
Władysław Niegolewski was a Polish liberal politician and member of Prussian House of Representatives, insurgent in Greater Poland Uprising 1846, Greater Poland Uprising 1848 and January Uprising 1863, cofounder of Central Economic Society (CTG) in 1861 and People's Libraries Society (TCL) in 1880.
Jerzy Zawieyski, born Henryk Nowicki, was a Polish playwright, prose writer, Catholic political activist and amateur stage actor. He wrote psychological, social, moral and historical novels, dramas, stories, essays and journals.
Marceli Żółtowski was a Polish count and politician. A member of the Prussian House of Representatives, he had been a count since 1867 and held positions such as landlord of Greater Poland, general director of Towarzystwo Kredytowe Ziemskie of Grand Duchy of Posen (1850–1869) and was finally a member of the Prussian House of Lords from 1880 to his death in 1901.
The Warsaw Society of Friends of Science was one of the earliest Polish scientific societies, active in Warsaw from 1800 to 1832.
Wieleń is a town in Czarnków-Trzcianka County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland. It is situated on the river Noteć.
Kcynia is a town in Nakło County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland, with 4,702 inhabitants (2010). It is located in the Pałuki ethnographic region in the northern part of historic Greater Poland.
The Polish Democratic Society was a radical constitutionalist political organization established in Paris by émigrés from the Kingdom of Poland in 1832. While not explicitly socialist with respect to their political program, the Democratic Society nonetheless was influenced by French Utopian socialist thinking of the era and advocated the right of citizens to own land or other means of production.
Zygmunt Załęski, pseudonym Gnatowski, was a Polish national movement activist, politician and publicist. He was imprisoned during the years of 1950–1953, rehabilitated in 1956.
Academy of Learning was a primary Polish scientific institution during the annexation of Poland established in 1871. It was founded in Kraków as a continuation of the Kraków Scientific Society. The institution began activity two years later, in 1873. At first, it focused on scholars from Kraków, however, it soon expanded its activity to Polish scholars from all annexed territories, along with Polish emigration. Its main goals were to organize, support and conduct learning, plus represent Polish scientists and scholars from all over the world.
Aleksander Zawadzki, pseudonym Ojciec Prokop, was a Polish political and educational activist, publicist.
Józef Kalasanty Szaniawski was a Polish philosopher and politician.
Teofil Magdziński was a Polish lawyer, conspirator and activist in exile. He participated in several Polish uprisings of the second half of the 19th century. He was one of the most prominent politicians in Bydgoszcz, representative at the Reichstag and a staunch defender of Polishness.
Jan Teska (1876-1945) was a Polish journalist, publisher of the Dziennik Bydgoski, a national activist and a Polish politician from the 1900s till the end of World War II.
Bogusław Wołoszański is a Polish journalist, author, populariser of history, and politician. He is well known as the author of historical books and the originator and creator of the TVP1 television program "Sensations of the 20th Century." Wołoszański serves as MP for the 10th Sejm.
