Persian tribal uprisings of 1929

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The Persian tribal uprisings of 1929 were a series of rebellions in the Sublime State of Persia by the Qashqai, Khamseh and the Buyir Ahmadi and the Bakhtiari. [1] It began in the early spring of 1929, when the Qashqai, led by Ali Salar Hishmat Qashqai rose up against the Persian government. [2] The rebels mainly operated from village of Siyuk, south of Shiraz. [1] As the year continued, additional rebellions by the Khamseh and the Buyir Ahmadi in eastern and northern Fars province respectively. [2]

In early May 1929, Ali Qashqai offered a list of conditions for peace with the government: [2]

These terms were refused. By early June, the government had lost complete control of Fars province outside of Shiraz, which came under rebel siege in mid-June. [2] Following an additional Bakhtiari uprising in Dih Kurd, Isfahan Province on 9 July led by Mardan Khan, the government agreed to the peace terms and most rebel tribes in Fars province, except for Ali Qashqai surrendered. [2] The Bakhtiari continued to fight and Safid Dasht was under siege by mid-July. In late July, the government offered amnesties and most Bakhtiari rebel leaders surrendered then. Mardan Khan, the nominal leader of the revolt, refused to surrender until autumn. [2]

In 1932, the government sent a contingent of 500 troops to defeat Ali Qashqai, but was unsuccessful. [1] The rebellion ended after a peace agreement in 1933 in Tehran. [1]

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Burrell, Robert Michael; Jarman, Robert L. (1997). Iran: 1943-1945. Archive Editions. p. 467. ISBN   978-1-85207-710-5.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cronin, Stephanie (2007-01-24). Tribal Politics in Iran: Rural Conflict and the New State, 1921-1941. Routledge. pp. 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125. ISBN   978-1-134-13801-2.