Peter Valent

Last updated

Peter Valent
Born (1962-10-09) 9 October 1962 (age 61)
Vienna, Austria
NationalityAustrian
Alma mater Medical University of Vienna
Scientific career
Fields Hematology

Peter Valent (born 9 October 1962 in Vienna, Austria) is an Austrian hematologist and stem cell researcher. Since 1990 he leads a research group at the Medical University of Vienna. From 2002 he coordinates the European Competence Network on Mastocytosis and since 2008 he is Scientific Director of the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology of the Ludwig Boltzmann Society in Austria. [1]

Contents

Life and education

Valent studied medicine at the Medical University of Vienna and graduated in 1987. He is a specialist in internal medicine and hematology and was promoted to Assistant Professor for Experimental Hematology in 1992 and Associate Professor for Internal Medicine in 1995. Valent visited several universities in Germany as Guest Scientist, including the Institute of Pathology of the University of Tübingen, the University of Schleswig-Holstein (Campus Lübeck) and the LMU Munich. [2]

Scientific contributions

Mast cell research and the classification of mastocytosis

Between 1989 and 1999 Valent examined the phenotype and growth characteristics of human mast cells. [3] He found that mast cells form a unique lineage in the hematopoietic cell system. [4] [5] In subsequent studies, neoplastic mast cells were characterized. [6] [7] The resulting data contributed essentially to the development of diagnostic criteria and the WHO classification of mastocytosis. [8] In 2000, Valent organized a Working Conference on Mastocytosis to implement this classification together with an international consensus group. [9] Since 2002 Valent coordinates the European Competence Network on Mastocytosis that expanded rapidly and provides a useful basis for the development and conduct of studies and activities in the field of mastocytosis. [10] In the forthcoming years, the diagnostic WHO criteria of mastocytosis were validated, adjusted and extended. [11] To discuss these developments, Valent and his team organized additional conferences in Vienna, including a Working Conference on Standards and Standardization of Diagnostic Criteria and Therapies in Mastocytosis [12] and one on the Global Classification of Mast Cell Disorders and Mast Cell Activation Syndromes (2010). [13]

Additional scientific contributions

One additional focus in Valent´s research is the neoplastic stem cell, also termed cancer stem cell in the context of cancer and leukemic stem cell in leukemia contexts. Valent investigates the phenotype of these cells in various hematologic neoplasms and develops concepts predicting the step-wise development of these cells from normal stem cells. The major aim in his research is to identify molecular targets in these cells and to develop more effective (curative) therapies by eliminating these cells in various blood cell disorders, including Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, [14] Systemic Mastocytosis [15] and Myelodysplastic Syndromes. [16] These studies are primarily conducted in the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology at the Medical University of Vienna. [17]

Valent is a member of numerous scientific organizations and has published over 850 publications since 1988, including more than 500 original papers, over 200 review articles and numerous book contributions. He also published numerous textbook chapters. In 2001, 2008 and 2016 he drew book chapters on mastocytosis as the author of the WHO. Peter Valent is one of the most frequently cited scientists from German-speaking countries in the field of immunology from 2011 to 2015. In Austria he is one of the top 5 scientists in the field of medicine (as of June 2022 - https://research.com /scientists-rankings/medicine/at). In total, his work has been cited more than 35,000 times by March 2019 and his h-index is 103 (as of April 2022). Peter Valent is currently ranked #777 among the world's top scientists in Biology and Biochemistry as of April 2022, and #913 among the world's top scientists in Medicine as of June 2022 - https://research.com/scientists- rankings/medicine).

Awards

Valent received several national and international awards, including the Karl Landsteiner-Award of the Austrian Society for Allergy and Immunology, the Paracelsus Award of the Austrian Society for Internal Medicine, the Wilhelm Türk Award of the Austrian Society for Hematology and Oncology, the Theodor-Billroth Medal of the Austrian Medical Association, the Mac Forster Award of the European Society for Clinical Investigation and the Middle European Award for Interdisciplinary Cancer Research. [18]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mastocytosis</span> Medical condition

Mastocytosis, a type of mast cell disease, is a rare disorder affecting both children and adults caused by the accumulation of functionally defective mast cells and CD34+ mast cell precursors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eosinophilia</span> Blood condition

Eosinophilia is a condition in which the eosinophil count in the peripheral blood exceeds 5×108/L (500/μL). Hypereosinophilia is an elevation in an individual's circulating blood eosinophil count above 1.5 × 109/L (i.e. 1,500/μL). The hypereosinophilic syndrome is a sustained elevation in this count above 1.5 × 109/L (i.e. 1,500/μL) that is also associated with evidence of eosinophil-based tissue injury.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mast cell</span> Cell found in connective tissue

A mast cell is a resident cell of connective tissue that contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin. Specifically, it is a type of granulocyte derived from the myeloid stem cell that is a part of the immune and neuroimmune systems. Mast cells were discovered by Paul Ehrlich in 1877. Although best known for their role in allergy and anaphylaxis, mast cells play an important protective role as well, being intimately involved in wound healing, angiogenesis, immune tolerance, defense against pathogens, and vascular permeability in brain tumors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Multiple myeloma</span> Cancer of plasma cells

Multiple myeloma (MM), also known as plasma cell myeloma and simply myeloma, is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that normally produces antibodies. Often, no symptoms are noticed initially. As it progresses, bone pain, anemia, renal insuficiency, and infections may occur. Complications may include hypercalcemia and amyloidosis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Histamine</span> Organic compound involved in immune responses

Histamine is an organic nitrogenous compound involved in local immune responses communication, as well as regulating physiological functions in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter for the brain, spinal cord, and uterus. Since histamine was discovered in 1910, it has been considered a local hormone (autocoid) because it lacks the classic endocrine glands to secrete it; however, in recent years, histamine has been recognized as a central neurotransmitter. Histamine is involved in the inflammatory response and has a central role as a mediator of itching. As part of an immune response to foreign pathogens, histamine is produced by basophils and by mast cells found in nearby connective tissues. Histamine increases the permeability of the capillaries to white blood cells and some proteins, to allow them to engage pathogens in the infected tissues. It consists of an imidazole ring attached to an ethylamine chain; under physiological conditions, the amino group of the side-chain is protonated.

AIDS-related lymphoma describes lymphomas occurring in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Myeloproliferative neoplasm</span> Overproduction of blood cells in the bone marrow

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of rare blood cancers in which excess red blood cells, white blood cells or platelets are produced in the bone marrow. Myelo refers to the bone marrow, proliferative describes the rapid growth of blood cells and neoplasm describes that growth as abnormal and uncontrolled.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tryptase</span> Class of enzymes

Tryptase is the most abundant secretory granule-derived serine proteinase contained in mast cells and has been used as a marker for mast cell activation. Club cells contain tryptase, which is believed to be responsible for cleaving the hemagglutinin surface protein of influenza A virus, thereby activating it and causing the symptoms of flu.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Urticaria pigmentosa</span> Most common form of cutaneous mastocytosis

Urticaria pigmentosa (also known as generalized eruption of cutaneous mastocytosis (childhood type) ) is the most common form of cutaneous mastocytosis. It is a rare disease caused by excessive numbers of mast cells in the skin that produce hives or lesions on the skin when irritated.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KIT (gene)</span> Mammalian protein and protein-coding gene

Proto-oncogene c-KIT is the gene encoding the receptor tyrosine kinase protein known as tyrosine-protein kinase KIT, CD117 or mast/stem cell growth factor receptor (SCFR). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. KIT was first described by the German biochemist Axel Ullrich in 1987 as the cellular homolog of the feline sarcoma viral oncogene v-kit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mast cell sarcoma</span> Medical condition

Mast cell sarcoma is an extremely aggressive form of sarcoma made up of neoplastic mast cells. A sarcoma is a tumor made of cells from connective tissue. Mast cell sarcoma is an extremely rare tumor. The largest analysis to date comprises 34 cases. Prognosis is extremely poor. People with a mast cell sarcoma have no skin lesions, and pathology examination of the tumor shows it to be very malignant with an aggressive growth pattern. Mast cell sarcoma should not be confused with extracutaneous mastocytoma, a rare benign mast cell tumor without destructive growth. In the cases observed, mast cell sarcoma terminated quickly as mast cell leukemia; one of the most aggressive human cancers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mast cell leukemia</span> Medical condition

Mast cell leukemia is an extremely aggressive subtype of acute myeloid leukemia that usually occurs de novo but can, rarely, evolve from transformation of chronic myeloid leukemia into the more aggressive acute myeloid leukemia. In a small proportion of cases, acute mast cell leukemia may evolve from a more progressive form of systemic mastocytosis. The diagnosis of acute mast cell leukemia by the WHO criteria includes the requirement for a prevalence of 20% neoplastic mast cells in marrow and 10% in blood. If the mast cells represent less than 10% of blood cells, the tumor is called "aleukemic" mast cell leukemia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solitary mastocytoma</span> Medical condition

Solitary mastocytoma, also known as cutaneous mastocytoma, may be present at birth or may develop during the first weeks of life, originating as a brown macule that urticates on stroking. Solitary mastocytoma is a round, erythematous, indurated lesion measuring 1-5 cm in diameter. It can be mildly itchy or asymptomatic and develops over time. Predilection is the head and neck, followed by the trunk, extremities, and flexural areas.

Telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans (TMEP) is persistent, pigmented, asymptomatic eruption of macules usually less than 0.5 cm in diameter with a slightly reddish-brown tinge.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Midostaurin</span> Chemical compound

Midostaurin, sold under the brand name Rydapt & Tauritmo both by Novartis, is a multi-targeted protein kinase inhibitor that has been investigated for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and advanced systemic mastocytosis. It is a semi-synthetic derivative of staurosporine, an alkaloid from the bacterium Streptomyces staurosporeus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Martin Zenke</span> German scientist

Martin Zenke born August 7, 1953, in Korbach is a German biochemist, cell biologist, professor for cell biology and scientist, who is conducting research on stem cells and biomedical engineering.

Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) is a term referring to one of two types of mast cell activation disorder (MCAD); the other type is idiopathic MCAD. MCAS is an immunological condition in which mast cells inappropriately and excessively release chemical mediators, resulting in a range of chronic symptoms, sometimes including anaphylaxis or near-anaphylaxis attacks. Primary symptoms include cardiovascular, dermatological, gastrointestinal, neurological and respiratory problems.

Clonal hypereosinophilia, also termed primary hypereosinophilia or clonal eosinophilia, is a grouping of hematological disorders all of which are characterized by the development and growth of a pre-malignant or malignant population of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell that occupies the bone marrow, blood, and other tissues. This population consists of a clone of eosinophils, i.e. a group of genetically identical eosinophils derived from a sufficiently mutated ancestor cell.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nirali N. Shah</span> American physician-scientist and pediatric hematologist-oncologist

Nirali N. Shah is an American physician-scientist and pediatric hematologist-oncologist, serving as head of the hematologic malignancies section of the pediatric oncology branch at the National Cancer Institute. She researches the translation of immunotherapeutic approaches to treat high-risk hematologic malignancies in children, adolescents and young adults.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mastocytoma in dogs</span> Cancer tumor in dogs

A mastocytoma in dogs is a neoplasm (neoplasia) originating from mast cells in the domestic dog, which occurs mainly in the skin and subcutis. Mastocytoma are not only extremely common in dogs, but also tend to be much more malignant in them than in other animal species. The average survival time for malignant tumors is only four months, whereas for benign tumors it is over two years.

References

  1. ↑ "Peter Valent". Ludwig Boltzmann Institute. 10 December 2008. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
  2. ↑ "Peter Valent - Scientific CV". Medizinische Universität Wien. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
  3. ↑ Valent, Peter; Bettelheim, P. (1992). "Cell Surface Structures on Human Basophils and Mast Cells: Biochemical and Functional Characterization". Advances in Immunology Volume 52. Vol. 52. pp. 333–423. doi:10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60879-2. ISBN   9780120224524. PMID   1332448.
  4. ↑ Valent, Peter; Bettelheim, P. (1992). "Cell Surface Structures on Human Basophils and Mast Cells: Biochemical and Functional Characterization". Advances in Immunology Volume 52. Vol. 52. pp. 333–423. doi:10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60879-2. ISBN   9780120224524. PMID   1332448.
  5. ↑ Valent, Peter (1994). "The riddle of the mast cell: kit(CD117)-ligand as the missing link? Immunol Today.". Immunology Today. 15 (3): 111–114. doi:10.1016/0167-5699(94)90153-8. PMID   7513517.
  6. ↑ Valent, Peter; Schernthaner, GH; Sperr, WR; Fritsch, G; Agis, H; Willheim, M; Bühring, HJ; Orfao, A; Escribano, L (2001). "Variable expression of activation-linked surface antigens on human mast cells in health and disease.". Immunol Rev. 179 (179): 74–81. doi:10.1034/j.1600-065x.2001.790108.x. PMID   11292030. S2CID   45298998.
  7. ↑ Valent, Peter; Cerny-Reiterer, S; Herrmann, H; Mirkina, I; George, TI; Sotlar, K; Sperr, WR; Horny, HP (2010). "Phenotypic heterogeneity, novel diagnostic markers, and target expression profiles in normal and neoplastic human mast cells". Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 23 (3): 369–378. doi:10.1016/j.beha.2010.07.003. PMID   21112036.
  8. ↑ Valent, Peter; Horny, HP; Escribano, L; Longley, BJ; Li, CY; Schwartz, LB; Marone, G; Nuñez, R; Akin, C; Sotlar, K; Sperr, WR; Wolff, K; Parwaresch, RM; Brunning, RD; Austen, KF; Lennert, K; Metcalfe, DD; Vardiman, JW; Bennett, JM (2001). "Diagnostic criteria and classification of mastocytosis: a consensus proposal". Leuk Res. 25 (7): 603–625. doi:10.1016/s0145-2126(01)00038-8. PMID   11377686.
  9. ↑ Valent, Peter (1 June 2010). "Classification and response criteria in mastocytosis: is there a need to revise?". Expert Review of Hematology. 3 (3): 247–249. doi:10.1586/ehm.10.20. ISSN   1747-4086. PMID   21082975. S2CID   36767409.
  10. ↑ Valent, Peter; Arock, Michel; Bonadonna, Patrizia; Brockow, Knut; Broesby-Olsen, Sigurd; Escribano, Luis; Gleixner, Karoline V.; Grattan, Clive; Hadzijusufovic, Emir; Hägglund, Hans; Hermine, Olivier (1 December 2012). "European Competence Network on Mastocytosis (ECNM): 10-year jubilee, update, and future perspectives". Wiener klinische Wochenschrift. 124 (23–24): 807–814. doi:10.1007/s00508-012-0293-z. ISSN   0043-5325. PMID   23179435. S2CID   940450.
  11. ↑ "Peter VALENT, MD". PhD MCCA. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  12. ↑ Valent, P.; Akin, C.; Escribano, L.; Födinger, M.; Hartmann, K.; Brockow, K.; Castells, M.; Sperr, W. R.; Kluin-Nelemans, H. C.; Hamdy, N. A. T.; Lortholary, O. (1 June 2007). "Standards and standardization in mastocytosis: Consensus Statements on Diagnostics, Treatment Recommendations and Response Criteria". European Journal of Clinical Investigation. 37 (6): 435–453. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2007.01807.x . ISSN   0014-2972. PMID   17537151.
  13. ↑ Valent, Peter; Akin, Cem; Arock, Michel; Brockow, Knut; Butterfield, Joseph H.; Carter, Melody C.; Castells, Mariana; Escribano, Luis; Hartmann, Karin; Lieberman, Philip; Nedoszytko, Boguslaw (2012). "Definitions, Criteria and Global Classification of Mast Cell Disorders with Special Reference to Mast Cell Activation Syndromes: A Consensus Proposal". International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 157 (3): 215–225. doi:10.1159/000328760. ISSN   1423-0097. PMC   3224511 . PMID   22041891.
  14. ↑ Valent, Peter; Sadovnik, Irina; Eisenwort, Gregor; Bauer, Karin; Herrmann, Harald; Gleixner, Karoline V.; Schulenburg, Axel; Rabitsch, Werner; Sperr, Wolfgang R.; Wolf, Dominik (29 August 2019). "Immunotherapy-Based Targeting and Elimination of Leukemic Stem Cells in AML and CML". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 20 (17): 4233. doi: 10.3390/ijms20174233 . ISSN   1422-0067. PMC   6747233 . PMID   31470642.
  15. ↑ Valent, Peter; Sperr, Wolfgang R.; Akin, Cem (23 December 2010). "How I treat patients with advanced systemic mastocytosis". Blood. 116 (26): 5812–5817. doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-08-292144 . ISSN   0006-4971. PMID   20855864.
  16. ↑ Valent, Peter; Orazi, Attilio; Steensma, David P.; Ebert, Benjamin L.; Haase, Detlef; Malcovati, Luca; van de Loosdrecht, Arjan A.; Haferlach, Torsten; Westers, Theresia M.; Wells, Denise A.; Giagounidis, Aristoteles (26 September 2017). "Proposed minimal diagnostic criteria for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and potential pre-MDS conditions". Oncotarget. 8 (43): 73483–73500. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.19008. ISSN   1949-2553. PMC   5650276 . PMID   29088721.
  17. ↑ Bockwinkel, Stefanie. "Professor Peter Valent, MD". International CML Foundation. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  18. ↑ "Univ.-Prof. Dr. Peter Valent". Medizinische Universität Wien. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.