Peter Wall is a Ukrainian-born Canadian businessman. He is a property developer in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, who, in the 1990s and 2000s, played a significant and controversial part in the city's real-estate boom. He has been described as "a leading contributor to Vancouver's 'City of Glass' reputation" during a period in which the city's skyline has been transformed, along with its economic and social profile.[1] Rejecting the label "developer", Wall has stated that he "just make[s] some money investing in business ideas and projects".[2]
Wall emigrated from Eastern Europe to Canada as a child, shortly after the Second World War. During the 1990s, when Vancouver was changing from a provincial port tied to the British Columbian lumber industry to a major multicultural gateway for immigrants from around the Pacific Rim, Wall and his company Wall Financial Corporation helped revitalize the city's downtown area. In the process, Wall benefitted from and propelled a property boom that continues to this day. His career has earned him both criticism and praise.
Wall has been described as the city's "ultimate business maverick" in the press, which depicts him as a colourful, flamboyant character which resounds through his architecture.[2] The controversial award-winning hotel and delicate condominium tower, One Wall Centre, completed in 2001, is regarded as his crowning achievement. At the time of its construction, this skyscraper was the highest and most fragile in Vancouver.[3] By the end of 2008, One Wall Centre was overtaken by the 61-storey tower, Living Shangri-La. Wall is also known for his catty legal scrapes and for his personal and public generosity. He fought a protracted legal battle with the city over the height and cladding of One Wall Centre. He has been a significant donor to the University of British Columbia, making in 1991 what was then the largest private donation in the university's history.
Life
Wall was born to a Mennonite family in Ukraine, and he spent his childhood in Yugoslavia, Hungary, and Austria. In 1948, he moved to Canada with his mother and five siblings. The family settled in Abbotsford, British Columbia.[2] Wall enrolled at the University of British Columbia in 1958, where he studied chemistry but did not graduate.[4] Given Can$6,000 by his mother to build a house, he sold the finished product for $13,000 before she had moved in. He later claimed he "discovered right then how easy it was to make money in the real-estate business".[5] Despite his early exit from academia, he donated $15million to UBC in 1991, at the time the largest private donation it had received.[6] The university used the gift to found the Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies. In 1995, UBC awarded Wall an honorary doctorate. His degree citation credited him with "a creative and innovative mind which allows him to bring unconventional solutions to otherwise insoluble problems".[7]
Wall has regularly been ranked as the highest-paid executive in Vancouver. In both 1998 and 1999, he earned $1.4million, although in some years he has earned less, because his salary is linked to the firm's pre-tax profits.[8] Frequently called "flamboyant", according to journalist Drew Hasselback, he is known for his "outspoken opinions, designer clothes, German accent, in-your-face enthusiasm and self-confessed love of spending money".[8] In 2007, The Vancouver Sun interviewed Wall as he leant on the fender of a special-edition Bentley Turbo R sedan. He said that it cost "$300,000 or $320,000 but – what's it matter? – they're only worth a hundred [$100,000], anyway".[9] The newspaper dubbed him the "Condo King".
Wall's approach to business has sometimes caused conflict. He reportedly admitted, "I have been a bit impulsive at times and I do want to be more respectful of my fellow man".[2] On occasion, he has been impulsively generous. According to an anecdote reported in The Vancouver Sun, in 2002 he gave a Rolls-Royce convertible to a friend to save him from having to walk to a meeting.[10]
Founded in 1969 as "Wall & Redekop Corp.",[13] and listed since 1973 on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX:WFC),[14] Wall Financial Corporation is a publicly traded real-estate investment and development company. Wall's early property deals, in the 1960s, were made in the suburbs of South Vancouver.[15] In the late 1980s, when the company acquired its first major downtown site, Wall became the corporation's majority owner with a 56% stake.[13] By January 2008, its annual revenue was $199.5million, with a net income of $24.5million.[16] At that time, the company was listed as owning and managing "980 rental residential units and 865 hotel rooms".[17] The company has been described as a barometer of Vancouver's real-estate market;[13] but Wall and his firm have also been accused of driving up land values themselves.[18]
Wall stepped down as director and chairman of the board in 2005 and is now its consultant and advisor.[19] Since 1994, the company's president has been Wall's nephew, Bruno Wall.[20]
Vancouver real estate
Wall owes his success not only to hard work and an ability to anticipate the market but to the favourable economic and social conditions of Vancouver's 1990s and 2000s real-estate boom.[21] In his book City of Glass (2000), local novelist Douglas Coupland claims that real estate is "Vancouver's biggest sport [...] and is disturbingly central to the city's psyche. Real estate agents are local celebs of sorts".[22]
In the early 1980s, the city experienced an economic recession as British Columbia's traditionally dominant lumber industry struggled. The most obvious consequence of the recession was a marked fall in property values.[23] In the next decade, however, Vancouver became less dependent on the economic fortunes of the rest of the province, and real-estate values held firm in the city even in 1991 when forest industries made record losses.[24] During the seven years at the turn of the 1990s, Vancouver's economy grew faster than that of all but three other North American cities. According to cultural critic Paul Delany, writing in 1994, this success "may be credited to its relatively vital and efficient downtown core".[24]
As Vancouver's economy continued to develop independently of its interior, the city also prospered from its location on the Pacific Rim.[24] In particular, the 1990s saw an influx of immigrants and capital from Hong Kong in the lead-up to the colony's handover in 1997 from the British to the Chinese. As The New York Times noted in 1997, panic after the Tiananmen Square killings of 1989 "sent many Hong Kong families packing. They became rich overnight when they sold tiny apartments in Hong Kong for well over $1million". Arriving in Canada, these wealthy immigrants in turn triggered "sky high real estate prices" in their new host city.[25] Vancouver architect Ron Yuen believes that they "also brought with them a strong sense of the economic value of land, a sense that has since been developed by local residents who buy condo units before buildings are constructed".[26]
If the first two elements in Vancouver's late-20th-century transformation were the influx from Hong Kong and a dense downtown core that the city was interested in further developing, the third was what social planner Baldwin Wong called "a combination of developers’ expertise and the injection of new capital into the market".[26] This was where Wall and others came to the fore in leading the residential development of the downtown peninsula.[27] With mountains to the north and ocean to the west, there was, in the words of The Globe and Mail, "nowhere to go but up".[28]
Wall's most famous building is One Wall Centre, part of the Wall Centre Complex in downtown Vancouver. Completed in 2001, it has been called "the crowning achievement of his life's work".[29] The commissioned architect, Peter Busby, said that "Wall represents a dying breed — a client willing to take a risk to build a tower that will stand out".[30] The building became, however, the object of a legal battle between Wall and the city.[8]
At 137 metres (449ft), the tower was designed to exceed the height limit of 92 metres (302ft) for the location. Toronto's Financial Post reported that Wall "obtained an exemption from the bylaw on his promise the tower's windows would be transparent", only for the city subsequently to sue on the basis that "the tower's windows were not transparent, and that the building threatened to be a 'dark, forbidding obelisk' on the highest ground in the downtown core".[8] In turn, Wall counter-sued and offered the city $2–3million if they would let him keep the dark glass.[31] In the course of the ensuing public debate, the building was nicknamed the "Death Star", and Wall, "Darth Vader".[32]
The issue was resolved by the installation of darker glass on the first 30 floors, and lighter glass from floors 32 to 48.[8] Wall fitted each unit in the upper floors with dark blinds which, in the view of the authors of Vancouver: The Unknown City, "mimic the original dark glass when closed".[33] In 2002, the building was named the previous year's "best new skyscraper" by skyscraper.com.[34] For Vancouver, some felt it showed that "if Mr. Wall has his way, laid-back Lotus Land is in for some flamboyant changes".[35]
Other construction projects
Wall's construction projects have included Capitol Residences, a 42-storey condominium tower on the site of Vancouver's Capitol Theatre, which incorporates an extension to the city's Orpheum Theatre. Wall said he was attracted to this project as a way to help the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra, whose home is the Orpheum.[36] The result was portrayed in The Globe and Mail as an attempt "to bring the tinsel back to downtown".[37]
Among Wall's innovations was a car-sharing scheme to attract buyers to one of his properties. The idea was reported in 2003 as a ploy to sell more condos in an increasingly saturated market.[38] In 2004, Wall was involved in the acquisition of Hastings Racecourse. At the time of the deal, he was described as "a renowned philanthropist, real estate baron and successful horse owner [with] a love for horse racing".[39]
Wall's friend Bob Rennie, who has worked extensively with him, described the Wall formula as "Great location, smaller suites. Put in a Sub-Zero fridge and a Wolf range with red knobs, and they'll line up to buy it".[40] In May 2008, Wall Corporation bought a building at 1212 Howe Street in downtown Vancouver. In charge of the building's sales and marketing campaign, Rennie claimed that it "played right into Peter Wall's model of 'take a prime location and undersize the suites a bit'".[41]
Many commentators argue that Vancouver's real-estate boom, which has been accused of increasing the divide between its rich and poor,[42] is a bubble about to burst.[43] As of May 2008, Wall himself remained buoyant. "I'm trying to keep the price down, " he remarked, " so that everybody can make a deal that's equitable, and then we can all make money. To live in B.C., you're lucky. To live in the Lower Mainland, you're very lucky. To live in Vancouver and own real estate, you have won the lottery".[44]
Philanthropy
Wall has been described as a philanthropist, and donated $1 million to the University of British Columbia. He received an honorary PhD for his donation. Peter Wall has no formal post secondary education. He established the Peter Wall Endowment with a gift of 6.5 million shares in Wall Financial Corporation, a donation valued over $200 million today. The Endowment also provided the university with the money to found the Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies.[45] He provides annual financial support to the Canadian National Institute for the Blind[46] and helped the renowned Canadian architect Arthur Erickson keep tenancy of his house and garden after a bankruptcy.[47]
In February 2021, Wall made a controversial donation of $1 million to the Vancouver Police Foundation, specifically to increase policing of the city's low-income Downtown Eastside neighbourhood.[48] The donation was criticized by some as problematic and inappropriate and was made during a time of increased activism and city council attention to the issue of defunding the Vancouver Police Department.[48][49]
↑ Parry, Malcolm (March 1, 2007), "Condo King Wall wants 'Everybody to Make Money'", The Vancouver Sun, p.C.5, ProQuest242078300
↑ Parry, Malcolm (June 28, 2002), "Help yourself to the Rolls-Royce: Developer Peter Wall Told Pal Rob Macdonald to 'Take my Car'", The Vancouver Sun, p.D.4, ProQuest242530284
↑ "Executive Profile: Bruno Wall", BusinessWeek, retrieved 2008-05-27. For the relationship between Bruno and Peter, see Parry, Malcolm (July 13, 2006), "Rennie to Sell 'Front-Row seats' at Estates at Fairmont Pacific Rim", The Vancouver Sun, p.C.3, ProQuest242162313 and Hasselback 2000.
↑ His "ability to divine [Vancouver's] ultra-competitive downtown development market" is described as "uncanny" by Ashley Ford (Ford 2002b); the realtor Bob Rennie, a friend of Wall's, has said that "no one can anticipate the market more precisely than Peter Wall" (Ford 2002a).
↑ Allerton, Ron (November 24, 1999), "Tallest Tower West of Toronto: One Wall Centre Will Rise 137 metres from Highest Point of Land in Downtown Vancouver", Journal of Commerce, 88 (94): 1, ProQuest215182580
↑ "One Wall Centre Honored with International Award", Journal of Commerce, 91 (44), June 5, 2002, ProQuest215186036 . These awards have now been renamed the Emporis Skyscraper Awards.
↑ Weder 2001. This article goes into some detail about criticisms of Wall's approach, but argues that the Wall Centre controversy reduced his clout.
↑ Ford, Ashley (September 29, 2006), "Capital Coup for Music Lovers", The Province, Vancouver, p.A.47, ProQuest269438958
↑ Kennedy, Paul (April 7, 2003), "Pooled Cars Latest Twist in Condo Marketing", The Globe and Mail, Toronto, p.B.3, ProQuest384031157
↑ Wolski, Tom (March 29, 2004), "Hastings Changes Bode Well", The Province, Vancouver, p.A.33, ProQuest269372680 . The Blood-Horse reports that he "has raced a number of stakes winners" (Ingwell Goode 2004).
↑ Parry 2008. On Rennie as "condo king", see the profile in Hanley, William (February 25, 2006), "Rennie a Winner at Vancouver's Main Game: Flogging Condos a Full-Contact Sport", National Post, Toronto, p.FW.5, ProQuest330453362 . On the relationship between himself and Wall, Rennie has said, "I have coffee with Peter Wall every Sunday afternoon. He’s a dear friend and obviously a very important client" (Paulson, Monte (March 1, 2008), "Long Walk Home", BC Business, p.3).
↑ Sasges, Michael (May 3, 2008), "The Old Will Become New Again: Remaking '80s Tower Creates Noteworthy Homes", The Vancouver Sun, p.K.2, ProQuest243875484 .
↑ McMartin, Pete (April 1, 2006), "Locals Lose Out in City that's a Victim of its Own Success", The Vancouver Sun, p.B.1, ProQuest242188695
↑ See McCarthy, Bill (April 23, 2008), "Local Housing Market will Reflect U.S. Problems", Burnaby Now, p.16, ProQuest358626254 and, for a national view that also encompasses Vancouver, Holloway, Andy (April 28, 2008), "Safe as Houses?", Canadian Business, 81 (7), Toronto: 42–43, ProQuest221360801 .
40 Wall Street is a 927-foot-tall (283 m) neo-Gothic skyscraper on Wall Street between Nassau and William streets in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City, United States. Erected in 1929–1930 as the headquarters of the Manhattan Company, the building was designed by H. Craig Severance with Yasuo Matsui and Shreve & Lamb. The building is a New York City designated landmark and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP); it is also a contributing property to the Wall Street Historic District, an NRHP district.
Harry Stinson is a Canadian real estate developer from Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. He is president of Stinson Properties, Inc. He has been called Toronto's "condo king".
CityPlace is a neighbourhood in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, within the former Railway Lands. When completed, this area will be the largest residential development ever created in Toronto. The area is bordered by Bathurst Street to the west, Lake Shore Boulevard to the south, and Front Street to the north and Blue Jays Way and Rogers Centre to the east. Cityplace is also a five-to-ten-minute walk from King Street West and Liberty Village and a ten-to-twenty-minute walk from Toronto's financial district. The neighbourhood is also home to the Canoe Landing Park, designed by famed Canadian writer and artist Douglas Coupland.
Living Shangri-La is a mixed-use skyscraper in downtown Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and is the tallest building in the city and second tallest in the province. The 62-storey Shangri-La tower contains a 5-star hotel and its offices on the first 15 floors, with condominium apartment units occupying the rest of the tower. The building's podium complex also includes a spa, Urban Fare specialty grocery store, a Vancouver Art Gallery public display, and a curated public sculpture garden. The high-rise stands 200.86 metres (659 ft) tall and there is a private roof garden on floor 61. It is the 34th tallest building in Canada.
Yip Sang was a prominent Canadian businessman, whose business and family flourished during the period when Chinese Canadians faced discrimination and restrictions. On top of his business and real estate holding, Yip was also a social reformer and political activist in Canada.
Hotels in Toronto have been some of the most prominent buildings in the city and the hotel industry is one of the city's most important. The Greater Toronto Area has 183 hotels with a total of almost 36,000 rooms. In 2010, there were 8.9 million room nights sold. Toronto is a popular tourist destination, with it having the 6th highest room occupancy rate in North America, but about two thirds of rooms are taken by commercial, government, or convention travellers.
The Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies was founded in 1991 and is the senior research institute at the University of British Columbia. It supports basic research through collaborative, interdisciplinary initiatives. The institute brings together UBC scholars with researchers from around the world "to work together on innovative research, develop new thinking that is beyond disciplinary boundaries, and engage in intellectual risk-taking." The institute has a varied program of scholars in residence, visiting scholars, distinguished professorship, multiple speaker series, and major special events.
15 Central Park West is a luxury residential condominium along Central Park West, between 61st and 62nd Streets adjacent to Central Park, on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. It was constructed from 2005 to 2008 and was designed by Robert A.M. Stern Architects in the New Classical style. The building consists of two sections: "the House", a 19-story structure occupying the eastern part of the city block, and "the Tower", a 35-story structure occupying the western part of the block. It has approximately 200 apartments, of which two-thirds are in the Tower and one-third are in the House.
The Broad Exchange Building, also known as 25 Broad Street, is a residential building at Exchange Place and Broad Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. The 20-story building was designed by Clinton & Russell and built between 1900 and 1902. The Alliance Realty Company developed the Broad Exchange Building as a speculative development for office tenants.
Brad J. Lamb is a Canadian real estate broker and condominium developer. He had a reality television show named Big City Broker on the HGTV Canada network for several years. The show focused on the workings of his real estate brokerage, "Brad J. Lamb Realty Inc." Lamb received media attention in March 2021. Due to a zoning bylaw violation, tenants living in units above an auto-body repair shop were forced to leave their units permanently by the City of Toronto.
James K. M. Cheng is a Canadian architect best known for his condominium towers in Vancouver, British Columbia. Cheng's designs, most notably the highrise towers, are noted for their extensive use of glass and for their contribution to the architectural style known as Vancouverism.
Casa Condominio Residenza, or The CASA, is a high-rise condominium building at 33 Charles Street East near the intersection of Bloor Street and Yonge Street in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It features a New Modernist design by architectsAlliance emphasizing glass curtain wall, with balconies wrapped around the building from the podium to the top. An overhanging concrete slab concludes the design at the roof of the final floor. It is lit from underneath at night. The balconies themselves have transparent glazed balustrades, and the podium's main facade facing Charles Street also makes use of glass curtain wall extensively, framed with black brick.
Canoe Landing Park is an 8 acres (3.2 ha) privately funded urban park in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, adjacent to the Gardiner Expressway in the CityPlace neighbourhood. The name was chosen as part of a city-run contest and the final name was announced on the t.o.night free evening commuter paper. Formerly, it was tentatively known as CityPlace Park.
2 Broadway is an office building at the south end of Broadway, near Bowling Green Park, in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City. The 32-story building, designed by Emery Roth & Sons and constructed from 1958 to 1959, contains offices for the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). 2 Broadway serves as the headquarters for some of the MTA's subsidiary agencies.
Bob Rennie is an art collector and a real estate marketer based in Vancouver, British Columbia. He is the founder and executive director of Rennie, a Vancouver based real estate marketing firm. The company's business divisions include Rennie developer services, Rennie consumer services, Rennie advisory services, Rennie rental services and technology. He is known colloquially as the "condo king". Rennie is deeply involved in the art community locally and internationally, and he maintained his own art museum in Chinatown's Wing Sang building until fairly recently gifting it to the Chinese History Society.
David Bistricer is a New York-based real estate developer and the founder and principal of Clipper Equity. His firm focuses on the conversion of non-residential buildings to residential uses. One of Bistricer's latest ventures, in partnership with Chetrit Group, is the transformation of the shuttered four-building Cabrini Medical Center at 220 and 230 East 20th Street and 215 and 225 East 19th Street into a residential a condo project, Gramercy Square, with 223 units. The Woods Bagot-designed development features a different style for each property: a modern, a prewar, a boutique and a tower building. It also has about 38,000 square feet of amenities including a 75' sky-lit pool, a gym, a theater, a meditation room exclusively programmed by MNDFL and a wine cellar. And there's ample green space with a courtyard, a greenhouse and landscaping around the buildings.
Ian Gillespie is a Canadian real estate developer. In 1992 he founded Westbank Projects Corp. based in Vancouver, British Columbia, which now has more than $25 billion of projects completed or under development. The company is active across Canada and expanding into the United States with projects including residential, rental, affordable housing, office, retail, hotels and public art.
220 Central Park South is a residential skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, situated along Billionaires' Row on the south side of Central Park South between Broadway and Seventh Avenue. 220 Central Park South was designed by Robert A.M. Stern Architects and SLCE Architects, with interiors designed by Thierry Despont. It is composed of two sections: a 70-story, 950-foot (290 m) tower on 58th Street, which is the 21st-tallest building in New York City, as well as an 18-story section on Central Park South, both of which contain a limestone facade. Most of the 118 apartments are duplex apartments, although some of the units have been combined to create larger units. The building has a porte-cochère, a wine cellar, private dining rooms, and various recreational facilities.
Nathan Reiber was a Polish-born Canadian businessman, lawyer, philanthropist, and real-estate developer in Miami.
75 Wall Street is a 43-story mixed-use building in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. It contains Hyatt Centric Wall Street New York, a hotel with 253 rooms managed by Blue Sky Hospitality.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
