Peterson Identification System

Last updated

The Peterson Identification System is a practical method for the field identification of animals, plants and other natural phenomena. It was devised by ornithologist Roger Tory Peterson in 1934 for the first of his series of Field Guides [1] (See Peterson Field Guides.) Peterson devised his system "so that live birds could be identified readily at a distance by their 'field marks' without resorting to the bird-in-hand characters that the early collectors relied on. During the last half century the binocular and the spotting scope have replaced the shotgun." [2] As such, it both reflected and contributed to awareness of the emerging early environmental movement. Another application of this system was made when Roger Tory Peterson was enlisted in the US Army Corps of Engineers from 1943-1945. “...plane identification—the aircraft spotting technique—was based on Roger’s bird identification method-the Peterson system.”. [3]

Contents

The system

Created for use by amateur naturalists and laymen, rather than specialists, the "Peterson System" is essentially a pictorial key based upon readily noticed visual impressions rather than on the technical features of interest to scientists. The technique involves patternistic drawings with arrows that pinpoint the key field comparisons between similar species.

Influence

Since the first Peterson Field Guide, the system has been expanded to about three dozen volumes in the series as well as being emulated by many other publishers and authors of field guides. It has become the near-universally accepted standard, first in the United States and Europe and then around the world.

Related Research Articles

Roger Tory Peterson American naturalist, ornithologist and writer (1908–1996)

Roger Tory Peterson was an American naturalist, ornithologist, illustrator and educator, held to be one of the founding inspirations for the 20th-century environmental movement.

Bonapartes gull Species of bird

Bonaparte's gull is a member of the gull family Laridae found mainly in northern North America. At 28 to 38 cm in length, it is one of the smallest species of gull. Its plumage is mainly white with grey upperparts. During breeding season, Bonaparte's gull gains a slate-grey hood. The sexes are similar in appearance.

Field guide

A field guide is a book designed to help the reader identify wildlife or other objects of natural occurrence. It is generally designed to be brought into the 'field' or local area where such objects exist to help distinguish between similar objects. Field guides are often designed to help users distinguish animals and plants that may be similar in appearance but are not necessarily closely related.

Kenn Kaufman is an American author, artist, naturalist, and conservationist, known for his work on several popular field guides of birds and butterflies in North America.

Ludlow Griscom American ornithologist (1890-1959)

Ludlow Griscom was an American ornithologist known as a pioneer in field ornithology. His emphasis on the identification of free-flying birds by field marks became widely adopted by professionals and amateurs. Many called him "Dean of the Birdwatchers."

Eastern racer Species of snake

The eastern racer is a species of nonvenomous snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to North America and Central America. Eleven subspecies, including the nominotypical subspecies, are recognized, which as a group are commonly referred to as the eastern racers. The species is monotypic in the genus Coluber.

Roger Conant was an American herpetologist, author, educator and conservationist. He was Director Emeritus of the Philadelphia Zoo and adjunct professor at the University of New Mexico. He wrote one of the first comprehensive field guides for North American reptiles in 1958 entitled: A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, in the Peterson Field Guide series.

Gray thrasher Species of bird

The gray thrasher is a medium-sized passerine bird belonging to the family Mimidae like the other thrashers. It is endemic to the Baja California peninsula in Mexico where it occurs from the tip of the peninsula north to 31°N on the west coast and 29°N on the east coast. It inhabits desert scrubland.

<i>Aralia nudicaulis</i> Species of flowering plant

Aralia nudicaulis is a flowering plant of northern and eastern North America which reaches a height of 30–60 cm (12–24 in) with creeping underground stems.

Bill Thompson III was the publisher and editor of Bird Watcher's Digest and the author of numerous books on birds and nature. He is also the author of Bird Watching For Dummies, and author of 18 different state bird watching books in the Bird Watching: A Year-Round Guide series from Cool Springs Press (2005). He is the lead author for Identify Yourself: The 50 Most Common Birding Identification Challenges published by Houghton Mifflin (2005). He was the editor of All Things Reconsidered: My Birding Adventures by Roger Tory Peterson. His most recent book is "The New Birder's Guide to Birds of North America".

Blue-and-white mockingbird Species of bird

The blue-and-white mockingbird is a species of bird in the family Mimidae. It is found in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and south-eastern Mexico. Its natural habitats are dry scrubland, woodland, second growth and forest edges at 1000–3000 m above sea-level.

Ocellated thrasher Species of bird

The ocellated thrasher is a species of bird in the family Mimidae. It is endemic to the highlands of south-central Mexico, where ts natural habitats are dry scrubland and open oak and pine woodland between 1500 and 3000 m above sea-level.

The Peterson Field Guides (PFG) are a popular and influential series of American field guides intended to assist the layman in identification of birds, plants, insects and other natural phenomena. The series was created and edited by renowned ornithologist Roger Tory Peterson (1908–1996). His inaugural volume was the classic 1934 book A Field Guide to the Birds, published by the Houghton Mifflin Company.

<i>Megisto cymela</i> Species of butterfly

Megisto cymela, the little wood satyr, is a butterfly species of the Satyrinae family that occurs in North America.

Dascillidae Family of beetles

Dascillidae is a family of soft-bodied plant beetles in the order Coleoptera. There are at least 15 genera and about 80 described species in Dascillidae.

Sericostomatidae Family of caddisflies

Sericostomatidae is a family of bushtailed caddisflies in the order Trichoptera. There are about 19 genera and at least 90 described species in Sericostomatidae.

Phryganeidae Family of caddisflies

Phryganeidae is a family of giant casemakers in the order Trichoptera. There are about 16 genera and at least 80 described species in Phryganeidae.

Achilidae Family of true bugs

Achilidae is a family of achilid planthoppers in the order Hemiptera. There are at least 160 genera and 520 described species in Achilidae.

References

  1. Peterson, Roger Tory (1934), A Field Guide to the Birds, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
  2. Peterson, Roger Tory (1980), A Field Guide to the Birds: A Completely New Guide to All the Birds of Eastern and Central North America, Fourth Edition, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, pg 7.
  3. Devlin, John C. and Naismith, Grace (1977), “The World of Roger Tory Peterson An Authorized Biography”,Times Books, pg 105.