Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China

Last updated

The Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (PPRC) or the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP), compiled by the Pharmacopoeia Commission of the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China, is an official compendium of drugs, covering Traditional Chinese and western medicines, which includes information on the standards of purity, description, test, dosage, precaution, storage, and the strength for each drug.

Contents

It is recognized by the World Health Organization as the official pharmacopoeia of China. [1]

Content

The ChP, as of its tenth (2015) edition, comes in 4 volumes for both the Chinese and the English versions:

  1. Traditional Chinese Medicine, ISBN   978-7-5067-7337-9
  2. Chemical Medicine, ISBN   978-7-5067-7343-0
  3. Biological Preparations, ISBN   978-7-5067-7336-2
  4. General rules and common inactive ingredients, ISBN   978-7-5067-7539-7; new volume

The English version is collectively coded as ISBN   978-7-5067-8929-5. The 2015 ChP requires Good Manufacturing Practices for all ChP-compliant medications and in general uses INN for English names. The Chinese version arranges medicines in ascending stroke order, [2] while the English translations do so in alphabetical order.

History

The 1997 English version consists of two volumes: [3]

  1. Volume 1 (Herbal medicine), 1997, ISBN   7-5025-2062-7
  2. Volume 2 (Western medicine), 1997, ISBN   7-5025-2063-5

The 1997 Chinese version (in simplified Chinese) also consists of two volumes, but the English and Chinese versions are not direct translations of each other, as they are sorted differently as is in the current edition.

A third volume was added in the 2005 version. The English edition ( ISBN   7117069821) describes itself as a "compendium of almost all traditional Chinese medicines and most western medicines and preparations. Information is given for each drug on standards of purity, description, test, dosage, precaution, storage and strength. Key features: A total of 2691 monographs: 992 for traditional Chinese medicines and 1699 for modern western drugs. [4]

"Volume I contains monographs of Chinese material medica and pared slice, vegetable oil/fat and its extract, Chinese traditional patent medicines, single ingredient of Chinese crude drug preparations etc.; Volume II deals with monographs of chemical drugs, antibiotics, biochemical preparations, Radiopharmaceuticals and excipients for pharmaceutical use; Volume III contains biological products."


See also

Related Research Articles

Pharmacopoeia Book containing directions for the identification of compound medicines

A pharmacopoeia, pharmacopeia, or pharmacopoea, in its modern technical sense, is a book containing directions for the identification of compound medicines, and published by the authority of a government or a medical or pharmaceutical society.

Chinese herbology Traditional Chinese herbal therapy

Chinese herbology is the theory of traditional Chinese herbal therapy, which accounts for the majority of treatments in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). A Nature editorial described TCM as "fraught with pseudoscience", and said that the most obvious reason why it has not delivered many cures is that the majority of its treatments have no logical mechanism of action.

The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) is a pharmacopeia for the United States published annually by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, a nonprofit organization that owns the trademark and also owns the copyright on the pharmacopeia itself. The USP is published in a combined volume with the National Formulary as the USP-NF. If a drug ingredient or drug product has an applicable USP quality standard, it must conform in order to use the designation "USP" or "NF". Drugs subject to USP standards include both human drugs and animal drugs. USP-NF standards also have a role in US federal law; a drug or drug ingredient with a name recognized in USP-NF is considered adulterated if it does not satisfy compendial standards for strength, quality or purity. USP also sets standards for dietary supplements and food ingredients. USP has no role in enforcing its standards; enforcement is the responsibility of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other government authorities in the United States.

Shenyang Pharmaceutical University

Shenyang Pharmaceutical University is a university in Shenyang, Liaoning, China. It is the first research institute in pharmaceutical sciences in China.

<i>Compendium of Materia Medica</i> literary work

The Compendium of Materia Medica is a Chinese herbology volume written by Li Shizhen during the Ming dynasty; its first draft was completed in 1578 and printed in Nanjing in 1596. It is a work epitomizing the materia medica known at the time. The Compendium of Materia Medica is regarded as the most complete and comprehensive medical book ever written in the history of traditional Chinese medicine. It lists all the plants, animals, minerals, and other items that were believed to have medicinal properties.

The British Pharmacopoeia (BP) is the national pharmacopoeia of the United Kingdom. It is an annually published collection of quality standards for UK medicinal substances. It is used by individuals and organisations involved in pharmaceutical research, development, manufacture and testing.

Li Shizhen Chinese polymath and scientist

Li Shizhen, courtesy name Dongbi, was a Chinese acupuncturist, herbalist, naturalist, pharmacologist, physician, and writer of the Ming dynasty. His major contribution to clinical medicine was his 27-year work, which is found in his scientific book Compendium of Materia Medica. He is also considered to be the greatest scientific naturalist of China, and developed many innovative methods for the proper classification of herb components and medications to be used for treating diseases.

<i>European Pharmacopoeia</i>

The European Pharmacopoeia is a major regional pharmacopoeia which provides common quality standards throughout the pharmaceutical industry in Europe to control the quality of medicines, and the substances used to manufacture them. It is a published collection of monographs which describe both the individual and general quality standards for ingredients, dosage forms, and methods of analysis for medicines. These standards apply to medicines for both human and veterinary use.

Yaoxing Lun, literally Treatise on the Nature of Medicinal Herbs, is a 7th-century Tang Dynasty Chinese treatise on herbal medicine.

<i>Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference</i> book

Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference is a reference book published by Pharmaceutical Press listing some 6,000 drugs and medicines used throughout the world, including details of over 180,000 proprietary preparations. It also includes almost 700 disease treatment reviews. It was first published in 1883 under the title Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia. Martindale contains information on drugs in clinical use worldwide, as well as selected investigational and veterinary drugs, herbal and complementary medicines, pharmaceutical excipients, vitamins and nutritional agents, vaccines, radiopharmaceuticals, contrast media and diagnostic agents, medicinal gases, drugs of abuse and recreational drugs, toxic substances, disinfectants, and pesticides.

Chinese patent medicine are herbal medicines in Traditional Chinese medicine, modernized into a ready-to-use form such as tablets, oral solutions or dry suspensions, as opposed to herbs that require cooking.

Chinese classic herbal formulas are combinations of herbs used in Chinese herbology for supposed greater efficiency in comparison to individual herbs. They are the basic herbal formulas that students of Traditional Chinese medicine learn. Later these students will adapt these classic formulas to match the needs of each patient.

<i>Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English</i>

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDOCE) was first published by Longman in 1978. The dictionary is available in various formats: paper only; paper with a bundled premium website; online access only or a gratis online version. LDOCE is an advanced learner's dictionary, providing definitions by using a restricted vocabulary, helping non-native English speakers to understand meanings easily.

European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines International organisation

The European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM) is a Directorate of the Council of Europe that traces its origins and statutes to the Convention on the Elaboration of a European Pharmacopoeia. The signatories to the convention – 39 member states and the European Union (EU) as of October 2018 – are committed to achieving harmonisation of the quality standards for safe medicines throughout the European continent and beyond. The EDQM’s standards are published in the European Pharmacopoeia, which is recognised as a scientific benchmark worldwide and is legally binding in member states.

Sho-Saiko-To, also known as Minor Bupuleurum Formula and Xiǎocháihútāng (XCHT) in Chinese, is a herbal supplement, believed to enhance liver health. Sho-Saiko-To is a widely used prescription drug in China and is a listed formula in China and Japan as a Kampo medicine. There are currently ongoing clinical trials for Sho-Saiko-To at University of California, San Diego and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. The active ingredients of Sho-Saiko-To discovered so far include: Baicalin, Baicalein, Glycyrrhizin, Saikosaponins, Ginsenosides, Wogonin, Gingerol.

Yang Zhenduo Chinese martial artist

Yang Zhenduo, a native of Yongnian Hsien County, Hebei, was born in Beijing, China, into the famous Yang family of martial artists. A son of Yang Cheng Fu and a great-grandson of Yang Lu Chan, Yang Zhenduo is a fourth-generation descendant of the Yang Family of t'ai chi ch'uan, and is the fourth lineage-holder of the style.

<i>Xiandai Hanyu Cidian</i> authoritative one-volume Chinese language dictionary

Xiandai Hanyu Cidian, also known as A Dictionary of Current Chinese or Contemporary Chinese Dictionary is an important one-volume dictionary of Standard Mandarin Chinese published by the Commercial Press, now into its 7th (2016) edition. It was originally edited by Lü Shuxiang and Ding Shengshu as a reference work on modern Standard Mandarin Chinese. Compilation started in 1958 and trial editions were issued in 1960 and 1965, with a number of copies printed in 1973 for internal circulation and comments, but due to the Cultural Revolution the final draft was not completed until the end of 1977, and the first formal edition was not published until December 1978. It was the first People's Republic of China dictionary to be arranged according to Hanyu Pinyin, the phonetic standard for Standard Mandarin Chinese, with explanatory notes in simplified Chinese. The subsequent second through seventh editions were respectively published in 1983, 1996, 2002, 2005, 2012 and 2016.

Gastrodin chemical compound

Gastrodin is a chemical compound which is the glucoside of gastrodigenin. It has been isolated from the orchid Gastrodia elata and from the rhizome of Galeola faberi. It can also be produced by biotransformation of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde by Datura tatula cell cultures.

Effervescent tablet tablets which are designed to dissolve in water

Effervescent or carbon tablets are tablets which are designed to dissolve in water, and release carbon dioxide. They are products of compression of component ingredients in the form of powders into a dense mass, which is packaged in blister pack, or with a hermetically sealed package with incorporated desiccant in the cap. To use them, they are dropped into water to make a solution. The powdered ingredients are also packaged and sold as effervescent powders or may be granulated and sold as effervescent granules. Generally powdered ingredients are first granularized before being made into tablets.

Chinese ophthalmology is part of the Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Here diseases of the eyes are treated with Chinese herbs, acupuncture/moxibustion, tuina, Chinese dietary therapy as well as qigong and taijiquan.

References

  1. World Health Organization, Index of Pharmacopoeias, 2004.
  2. "凡例 - 中国药典 (2015)" [Legend - ChP 2015]. db.ouryao.com. Archived from the original on 2018-12-10. Retrieved 10 December 2018. 四部收载通则和药用辅料……《中国药典》的英文名称为Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China;英文简称为Chinese Pharmacopoeia;英文缩写为ChP……
  3. "Conservation OnLine - CoOL".
  4. "Pharmacopoeia of The People's Republic of China 2010".