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Year 323 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Longus and Cerretanus. The denomination 323 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Demosthenes was a Greek statesman and orator in ancient Athens. His orations constitute a significant expression of contemporary Athenian intellectual prowess and provide insight into the politics and culture of ancient Greece during the 4th century BC. Demosthenes learned rhetoric by studying the speeches of previous great orators. He delivered his first judicial speeches at the age of 20, in which he successfully argued that he should gain from his guardians what was left of his inheritance. For a time, Demosthenes made his living as a professional speechwriter (logographer) and a lawyer, writing speeches for use in private legal suits.
This article concerns the period 359 BC – 350 BC.
This article concerns the period 329 BC – 320 BC.
The denomination 322 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Hypereides or Hyperides was an Athenian logographer. He was one of the ten Attic orators included in the "Alexandrian canon" compiled by Aristophanes of Byzantium and Aristarchus of Samothrace in the third century BC.
Phocion, nicknamed The Good (ὁ χρηστός, was an Athenian statesman and strategos, and the subject of one of Plutarch's Parallel Lives.
Athens is one of the oldest named cities in the world, having been continuously inhabited for perhaps 5,000 years. Situated in southern Europe, Athens became the leading city of Ancient Greece in the first millennium BC, and its cultural achievements during the 5th century BC laid the foundations of Western civilization.
Demades was an Athenian orator and demagogue.
Dinarchus or Dinarch was a logographer (speechwriter) in Ancient Greece. He was the last of the ten Attic orators included in the "Alexandrian Canon" compiled by Aristophanes of Byzantium and Aristarchus of Samothrace in the third century BC.
The Battle of Chaeronea was fought in 338 BC, near the city of Chaeronea in Boeotia, between Macedonia under Philip II and an alliance of city-states led by Athens and Thebes. The battle was the culmination of Philip's final campaigns in 339–338 BC and resulted in a decisive victory for the Macedonians and their allies.
Lycurgus was a statesman and logographer in Ancient Greece. In the aftermath of the Athenian defeat at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC, he became the leading figure in Athenian politics, taking control of Athenian finances and pushing through a range of measures which drastically increased Athens' revenues. This money was used to expand the navy, improve the city's fortifications, develop the temples and religious ceremonies, and to build up a hefty reserve. He also encouraged the restoration of traditional values and prosecuted those who fell short of his expectations of civic behaviour. Because of his leading role, the period from 338 to 324 BC is often known in modern scholarship as the "Age of Lycurgus."
The Eupatridae were the ancient nobility of the Greek region of Attica.
Peace of Philocrates is the name of the peace treaty concluded in 346 BC between Athens and Macedon under Philip II. Philocrates was the name of the main Athenian negotiator of the Treaty.
Under the reign of Philip II, the ancient kingdom of Macedonia, initially at the periphery of classical Greek affairs, came to dominate Ancient Greece in the span of just 25 years, largely thanks to the character and policies of its king. In addition to utilising effective diplomacy and marriage alliances to achieve his political aims, Philip II was responsible for reforming the ancient Macedonian army into an effective fighting force. The Macedonian phalanx became the hallmark of the Macedonian army during his reign and the subsequent Hellenistic period. His army and engineers also made extensive use of siege engines. Chief among Philip's Thracian enemies was the ruler Kersebleptes, who may have coordinated a temporary alliance with Athens. In a series of campaigns stretching from 356 to 340 BC, Philip II managed to ultimately subjugate Kersebleptes as a tributary vassal, conquering much of Thrace in the process. Philip II also fought against the Illyrian king Bardylis, who threatened Macedonia proper, and against Grabos II and Pleuratus in Illyria. In his newly conquered territories, he founded new cities such as Philippi, Philippopolis, Herakleia Sintike, and Herakleia Lynkestis.
Stratocles son of Euthydemos of Diomeia, was an Athenian politician during the third and fourth centuries BCE. He was a member of a family from the deme of Diomeia.
The kingdom of Macedonia was an ancient state in what is now the Macedonian region of northern Greece, founded in the mid-7th century BC during the period of Archaic Greece and lasting until the mid-2nd century BC. Led first by the Argead dynasty of kings, Macedonia became a vassal state of the Achaemenid Empire of ancient Persia during the reigns of Amyntas I of Macedon and his son Alexander I of Macedon. The period of Achaemenid Macedonia came to an end in roughly 479 BC with the ultimate Greek victory against the second Persian invasion of Greece led by Xerxes I and the withdrawal of Persian forces from the European mainland.
Olympiodoros was a military leader (General) of ancient Greece. His capacity as a savior of Athens and his self-confident power and serious engagement during political crises were emphasized. He was elected Strategos. He took part in the established Athenian coalition government with Philippides of Paiania. He commanded a body of three hundred picked men at the Battle of Plataea, who were engaged in a service from which all the other Greeks shrank. He was an Athenian general who, when Athens was attacked by Cassander, compelled the latter to withdraw his forces. He subsequently rid the city of Macedonian garrison which Demetrius had stationed there, and successfully defended Athens against Demetrius himself.
Democrates of Aphidna was an ancient Greek politician who supported the Peace of Philocrates. He was the son of Sophilus, and descended from one of the tyrannicides Harmodius and Aristogeiton. Democrates was one of the Athenian ambassadors who went to receive oaths of peace from Philip II of Macedon after the Peace of Philocrates, and later one of the ambassadors who accompanied Demosthenes to negotiate a treaty against Philip with the Thebans. In around 337 B.C., he co-pleaded for Philippides of Paiania during the trial "Hypereides against Philippides". He was also known as a man of some wit, but not as a great orator. A fragment of his oration has been preserved.
References
- ↑ Harris, Edward (2001). Dinarchus ,Hyperides,& Lycurgus. Austin,Texas: University of Texas Press. p. 80-82. ISBN 0-292-79142-9.
- ↑ Paschidis, Paschalis (2008). Between City and King. Athens: National Hellenic Research Foundation. ISBN 978-960-7905-44-4..
- ↑ Tarn, William Woodthorpe. Antigonos Gonatas King of Macedonia 276-239 B.C. London: University of Oxford.
- ↑ Shear, T. Leslie (1978). Kallias of Sphettos and The Revolt of Athens in 286 B.C. Princeton, New Jersey: Library of Congress Cataloging. ISBN 0-87661-517-5.
- ↑ Lambert, Steven. "Honours for Philippides of Paiania". Attic Inscriptions Online. 2015.