Career
He joined the École Normale Supérieure in 1933, become a professor in 1937, and was member of the French School at Athens from 1937 to 1941. During this time, he carried out excavations in the sanctuary of Delphi, where he discovered treasure of gold and ivory under the sacred way. The study of these objects led him to be interested in south-west Asian art. From 1951 to 1969, he taught at the University of Strasbourg.
His thesis on La mantique apollinienne à Delphes (The Apollonic Divination at Delphi) refuted the romantic image of the consultation of the Pythia in favor of a more prosaic function of the Delphic oracle.
He wrote a of articles concerning the monuments at Delphi, in particular the temple.
He was elected to the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres in 1972.
Aside from his work on ancient Greece, he was equally interested in modern Greece and in travelers. He translated "Christ recrucifié", written by Nikos Kazandzaki (1955), into French.
Delphi, in legend previously called Pytho (Πυθώ), in ancient times was a sacred precinct that served as the seat of Pythia, the major oracle who was consulted about important decisions throughout the ancient classical world. The oracle was international in character and also fostered sentiments of Greek nationality, even though the nation of Greece was centuries away from realization. The ancient Greeks considered the centre of the world to be in Delphi, marked by the stone monument known as the omphalos (navel). The sacred precinct was in the region of Phocis, but its management had been taken away from the Phocians, who were trying to extort money from its visitors, and had been placed in the hands of an amphictyony, or committee of persons chosen mainly from Central Greece. According to the Suda, Delphi took its name from the Delphyne, the she-serpent (drakaina) who lived there and was killed by the god Apollo.
The Castalian Spring, in the ravine between the Phaedriades at Delphi, is where all visitors to Delphi — the contestants in the Pythian Games, and especially pilgrims who came to consult the Delphic Oracle — stopped to wash themselves and quench their thirst; it is also here that the Pythia and the priests cleansed themselves before the oracle-giving process. Finally Roman poets regarded it as a source of poetic inspiration. According to some mythological versions it was here that Apollo killed the monster, Python, who was guarding the spring, and that is why it was considered to be sacred.
Charles-Jean-Melchior de Vogüé was a French archaeologist, diplomat, and member of the Académie française in seat 18.
The Stoa of the Athenians is an ancient portico in the Delphic Sanctuary, Greece, located south of the Temple of Apollo. The southern side of the polygonal wall of the platform forms the north wall of the stoa. It was constructed c. 478 BC-470 BC during the early Classical period. The one-aisled stoa with Ionic colonnade opens toward the southeast. It was dedicated by the Athenians after the Persian Wars.
Robert Flacelière was a scholar of Classical Greek. He was educated at the Collège Sainte-Barbe, the Lycée Henri IV and the École Normale Supérieure. From 1925 to 1930, he was a member of the French School in Athens and from 1932-1948 a Professor of the Faculty of Letters at University of Lyon. He was then appointed to the Chair of Greek Language and Literature at the University of Paris, a post he held until 1963 when he was appointed Director of the École Normale Supérieure.
Marie Delcourt was a Belgian classical philologist. She studied at the University of Liège (ULg), and obtained a PhD in classical philology in 1919. Under the German occupation of Belgium during World War I she was active in the Dame Blanche resistance network. She was the first female part-time lecturer at the ULg.
Claude Mossé is a French historian specialising in the history of Ancient Greece.
Édouard Muller Ardaillon was a French historian, archaeologist and geographer.
Léon-Maxime Collignon was a French archaeologist who specialized in ancient Greek art and architecture.
Paul-François Foucart was a French archaeologist, known for his research involving the Eleusinian Mysteries. He was the father of Egyptologist Georges Foucart.
Jean Théophile Homolle was a French archaeologist and classical philologist.
The Treasury of Cyrene was a building in the sanctuary of Apollo in Delphi. The treasury was possibly built as a token of gratitude for a large endowment of wheat offered to Delphi's inhabitants during a lean period.
André Plassart was a 20th-century French hellenist, epigrapher and archaeologist.
Gustave Fougères was a French archaeologist, spécialist of archaic Greece.
Jean Marie Augustin Charbonneaux was a 20th-century French archaeologist.
Claude Rolley was a French archaeologist, emeritus at the University of Burgundy, writer on art, archaeology of Greece and Gaule.
Bernard Haussoullier was a French Hellenist, epigrapher and archaeologist.
Fernand Henri Fabien Courby was a French archaeologist and Hellenist, a specialist of ancient Greece, a member of the French School at Athens, and professor at the Faculté des lettres of the University of Lyon.
Roland Étienne is a French archaeologist and historian specialising in the history of Greek archaeology, ancient architecture and Hellenistic history.
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