Policy transfer

Last updated

Policy transfer is a process in which information relating to the operation of one political system is utilised by another political system. [1] While policies have always moved between political systems policy transfer has emerged as a study in and of itself since the mid 1990s with the publication of Who Learns What From Whom: A Review of the Policy Transfer Literature. [2] Since then the concept has been developed and applied by urban geographers under the label of mobiblities [3] by Jamie Peck and NikTheodore as Fast Policy [4] and those interested in global networks as policy translations. [5] Out of these literatures policy transfer has been applied to a range of policies running from zero tolerance policing, welfare-to-work and even Business Improvement Districts and the emergence of bike sharing programs.

Academic research on policy transfer

Policy transfer has been the subject of considerable academic research, led primarily by political scientists since the late 1990s. [6] Since the mid-2000s geographers have also played an important role in these debates (often use the term policy mobilities instead of policy transfer). [7]

Since David Dolowitz and David Marsh's (2000) paper 'Learning from abroad: the role of policy transfer in contemporary policy-making', academic research has focused on the issues of who is involved in policy transfer, what is transferred, from and to where policy is transferred, the degrees of and constraints on transfer, and its success once transferred. [8] More recently there have been attempts to explicate the role of two way communication, and particularly feedback from policy stakeholders for successful policy transfer, [9] along with efforts to acknowledge the "indigenization" of policies as they are modified and adapted to context. [10] The debates in geography have focused on the technologies and methods through which policies and ideas circulate – such as study tours, conferences and best practice guides – as well as looking at how and why the policies change form as they circulate. [11]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Freeganism</span> Stance of limited participation in the food system and broader economy in protest

Freeganism is an ideology of limited participation in the conventional economy and minimal consumption of resources, particularly through recovering wasted goods like food. The word "freegan" is a portmanteau of "free" and "vegan". While vegans avoid buying, consuming, using, and wearing animal products as an act of protest against animal exploitation, freegans—at least in theory—avoid buying anything as an act of protest against the food system in general.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diffusion of innovations</span> Theory on how and why new ideas spread

Diffusion of innovations is a theory that seeks to explain how, why, and at what rate new ideas and technology spread. The theory was popularized by Everett Rogers in his book Diffusion of Innovations, first published in 1962. Rogers argues that diffusion is the process by which an innovation is communicated over time among the participants in a social system. The origins of the diffusion of innovations theory are varied and span multiple disciplines.

The creative class is the posit of American urban studies theorist Richard Florida for an ostensible socioeconomic class. Florida, a professor and head of the Martin Prosperity Institute at the Rotman School of Management at the University of Toronto, maintains that the creative class is a key driving force for economic development of post-industrial cities in the United States.

Children's geographies is an area of study within human geography and childhood studies which involves researching the places and spaces of children's lives.

Animal geography is a subfield of the nature–society/human–environment branch of geography as well as a part of the larger, interdisciplinary umbrella of human–animal studies (HAS). Animal geography is defined as the study of "the complex entanglings of human–animal relations with space, place, location, environment and landscape" or "the study of where, when, why and how nonhuman animals intersect with human societies". Recent work advances these perspectives to argue about an ecology of relations in which humans and animals are enmeshed, taking seriously the lived spaces of animals themselves and their sentient interactions with not just human but other nonhuman bodies as well.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Forest transition</span> Geographic theory describing land use

Forest transition refers to a geographic theory describing a reversal or turnaround in land-use trends for a given territory from a period of net forest area loss to a period of net forest area gain. The term "landscape turnaround" has also been used to represent a more general recovery of natural areas that is independent of biome type.

Robert Bruce Ware is Professor of Philosophy at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville. Ware earned an AB in political science from UC Berkeley, an MA in philosophy from UC San Diego, and a D.Phil. from Oxford University. From 1996 to 2013, Ware conducted field research in North Caucasus and has published extensively on politics, ethnography, and religion of the region in scholarly journals and in the popular media. He has been cited as a leading specialist on Dagestan. His recent research has focused upon the philosophy of mathematics and physics.

Peter Nedergaard is a Danish professor of political science who has been employed at the Department of Political Science at the University of Copenhagen since 2008. Peter Nedergaard is member of the Order of Dannebrog.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alasdair Cochrane</span> British political theorist and ethicist

Alasdair Cochrane is a British political theorist and ethicist who is currently Professor of Political Theory in the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Sheffield. He is known for his work on animal rights from the perspective of political theory, which is the subject of his two books: An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory and Animal Rights Without Liberation. His third book, Sentientist Politics, was published by Oxford University Press in 2018. He is a founding member of the Centre for Animals and Social Justice, a UK-based think tank focused on furthering the social and political status of nonhuman animals. He joined the Department at Sheffield in 2012, having previously been a faculty member at the Centre for the Study of Human Rights, London School of Economics. Cochrane is a Sentientist. Sentientism is a naturalistic worldview that grants moral consideration to all sentient beings.

Richard Carr is a historian, political commentator and academic. He has been a lecturer in history at Anglia Ruskin University since 2013 having previously served as a Research Fellow and Senior Visiting Fellow at think tank Localis and as a lecturer at the University of East Anglia.

Carolyn Gallaher is an American academic who is a political geographer and associate professor at the American University School of International Service. Her scholarship is focused on the role of paramilitaries in irregular warfare and the influence of the religious right in U.S. foreign policy.

Diana Francis is a British peace activist, Quaker, and author.

Ian Holliday is a scholar with expertise in British and Asian Government, particularly Myanmar. He is currently the vice-president and pro-vice-chancellor of The University of Hong Kong (HKU). He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree (BA) in social and political science at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, in 1982, before completing his doctor of philosophy (DPhil) degree in politics at New College, Oxford, in 1989. He taught at University of Kent, University of Manchester (1990–99), New York University, and City University of Hong Kong before teaching at the University of Hong Kong, he once served as Dean of Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Hong Kong. In 2014, he was appointed vice-president of the University of Hong Kong.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tony Milligan</span>

Tony Milligan is a Scottish philosopher who is currently a Senior Researcher in the Philosophy of Ethics with the Cosmological Visionaries project at King's College London. Much of his research concerns the ethics of human attitudes towards outer space, but he has a broader concern with otherness: other people, other places, other creatures, and political opponents. Publications range across Iris Murdoch, the philosophy of love, animal ethics, space policy and civil disobedience.

Policy learning is the increased understanding that occurs when policymakers compare one set of policy problems to others within their own or in other jurisdictions. It can aid in understanding why a policy was implemented, the policy's effects, and how the policy could apply to the policymakers' jurisdiction. Before a policy is adopted it goes through a process that involves various combinations of elected official(s), political parties, civil servants, advocacy groups, policy experts or consultants, corporations, think tanks, and multiple levels of government. Policy can be challenged in various ways, including questioning its legality. Ideally, policymakers develop complete knowledge about the policy; the policy should achieve its intent and efficiently use resources.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emilia Justyna Powell</span> American political scientist

Emilia Justyna Powell is a Polish-American political scientist. She is Professor of Political Science and Concurrent Professor of Law at the University of Notre Dame and is known for her expertise on international dispute resolution, the Islamic legal tradition, Islamic international law, and Islamic constitutionalism.

Nicholas Southwood is an Australian philosopher and associate professor of Philosophy at the Australian National University. He is a co-editor of the Journal of Political Philosophy and Director of the Centre for Moral, Social and Political Theory. Southwood is known for his research on contractualism and social philosophy.

John Charvet is a British political theorist, and Emeritus Professor at the London School of Economics. His interests are in political theory, contractarianism and international relations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Farhana Sultana</span> Bangladeshi environmental scientist and researcher

Farhana Sultana is a Full Professor of Geography at Syracuse University, where she is also a Research Director for the Program on Environmental Collaboration and Conflicts at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs. Her research considers how water management and climate change impact society. Her first book, The Right to Water: Politics, Governance and Social Struggles, investigates the relationships between human rights and access to clean water. She is a feminist political ecologist whose work focuses on climate justice, water governance, sustainability, international development, and decolonizing global frameworks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Krista E. Wiegand</span> American political scientist

Krista Eileen Wiegand is an American political scientist. She is a full professor of Political Science and Director of the Global Security Program at the Howard H. Baker Jr. Center for Public Policy at the University of Tennessee. She is also the Co-Editor-in-Chief of the journal International Studies Quarterly until the end of 2023.

References

  1. ↑ Dolowitz, D.; Marsh, D. (2000). "Learning from abroad: The role of policy transfer in contemporary policy-making" (PDF). Governance. 13 (1): 5–24. doi:10.1111/0952-1895.00121. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2013-03-10.
  2. ↑ Dolowitz, David; Marsh, David (1996). "Who Learns What from Whom: A Review of the Policy Transfer Literature". Political Studies. 44 (2): 343–357. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9248.1996.tb00334.x. ISSN   0032-3217. S2CID   145065238.
  3. ↑ McCann, Eugene; Ward, Kevin (2011). Mobile urbanism: cities and policymaking in the global age. Globalization and community. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota press. ISBN   978-0-8166-5628-8.
  4. ↑ Peck, Jamie; Theodore, Nikolas (2015). Fast policy: experimental statecraft at the thresholds of neoliberalism. Geography. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN   978-0-8166-7731-3.
  5. ↑ Stone, Diane (2004). "Transfer agents and global networks in the 'transnationalization' of policy". Journal of European Public Policy. 11 (3): 545–566. doi:10.1080/13501760410001694291. ISSN   1350-1763. S2CID   153837868.
  6. ↑ Benson, D.; Jordan, A. (2011). "What have we learned from policy transfer research? Dolowitz and Marsh revisited" (PDF). Political Studies Review. 9 (3): 366–378. doi:10.1111/j.1478-9302.2011.00240.x. S2CID   153174174.
  7. ↑ McCann, E.; Ward, K. (2012). "Policy assemblages, mobilities and mutations: Toward a multidisciplinary conversation". Political Studies Review. 10 (3): 325–332. doi:10.1111/j.1478-9302.2012.00276.x. S2CID   143018191.
  8. ↑ Dolowitz, D.; Marsh, D. (2000). "Learning from abroad: The role of policy transfer in contemporary policy-making" (PDF). Governance. 13 (1): 5–24. doi:10.1111/0952-1895.00121. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2013-03-10.
  9. ↑ Park, C.; Wilding, M.; Chung, C. (2014). "The importance of feedback: Policy transfer, translation and the role of communication" (PDF). Policy Studies. 35 (4): 397–412. doi:10.1080/01442872.2013.875155. S2CID   154881128.
  10. ↑ Stone, D. (2012). "Transfer and Translation of Policy". Policy Studies. 33 (6): 483–499. doi:10.1080/01442872.2012.695933. S2CID   154487482.
  11. ↑ Cook, I. R.; Ward, K. (2012). "Conferences, informational infrastructures and mobile policies: the process of getting Sweden 'BID ready". European Urban and Regional Studies. 19 (2): 137–152. doi:10.1177/0969776411420029. S2CID   154672867.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.