Associated churches
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Polish Old Catholicism (Polish : polskokatolicyzm) is the form of Old Catholicism which is based on Polish religious and cultural traditions. [1] [2]
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Masovian Voivodeship or Mazowieckie Province or Mazowieckie Voivodeship or Mazovian Voivodeship or Mazovian Province, etc. is a voivodeship (province) in east-central Poland, containing Poland's capital Warsaw.
Polish people, or Poles, are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation who share a common history, culture, the Polish language and are identified with the country of Poland in Central Europe. The preamble to the Constitution of the Republic of Poland defines the Polish nation as comprising all the citizens of Poland, regardless of heritage or ethnicity. The majority of Poles adhere to Roman Catholicism.
Polish members of the Catholic Church, like elsewhere in the world, are under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. The Latin Church includes 41 dioceses. There are three eparchies of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in the country, with members of the Armenian Catholic Church under the Ordinariate for Eastern Catholics in Poland. The oridnaries of these jurisdictions comprise the Episcopal Conference of Poland. Combined, these comprise about 10,000 parishes and religious orders. There are 40.55 million registered Catholics in Poland. The primate of the Church is Wojciech Polak, Archbishop of Gniezno. In the early 2000s, 99% of all children born in Poland were baptized Catholic. In 2015, the church recorded that 97.7% of Poland's population was Catholic. Other statistics suggested this proportion of adherents to Catholicism could be as low as 85%. The rate of decline has been described as "devastating" the former social prestige and political influence that the Catholic Church in Poland once enjoyed. On the other hand, a 2023 survey of 36 countries with large Catholic populations using data from the World Values Survey revealed that 52% of Polish Catholics claimed to attend Mass weekly, the seventh highest of the nations surveyed and the highest among European countries. Most Poles adhere to Roman Catholicism. About 71.3% of the population identified themselves as such in the 2021 census, down from 88% in 2011.
The Polish National Catholic Church is an independent Old Catholic church based in the United States and founded by Polish-Americans.
The Catholic Mariavite Church is an independent Old Catholic denomination in Poland resulting from a schism in 1935 within the Old Catholic Mariavite Church.
Stanisław Żaryn was an architect, urbanist, historian and academic teacher who significantly contributed to the process of the reconstruction of historical Polish architecture after its destruction by the Germans during WWII. He was born in Warsaw to Eugenia and Franciszek Zaryn.
Religion in Poland is rapidly declining, although historically it had been one of the most Catholic countries in the world.
Jan Kowalski, later known as Maria Michał Kowalski, was a Polish Roman Catholic diocesan priest who became a schismatic religious leader and controversial innovator. Following excommunication from his church, he was consecrated as a bishop in the Old Catholic Archdiocese of Utrecht, established the Old Catholic Church of the Mariavites in Poland, rose to be its archbishop and died a martyr. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Mariavite Church.
Grzegorz Motyka is a Polish historian and author specializing in the history of Poland–Ukraine relations. Since 1992 he served at the Institute of Political Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences and at the Institute of National Remembrance.
The Polish Center for Holocaust Research is an academic and research center at the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, Poland. The center's director is historian Barbara Engelking.
Karol Wolfram was a Polish Evangelical priest from Warsaw and professor and pro-rector of the Christian Theological Academy in Warsaw.
Matylda Getter was a Polish Catholic nun, mother provincial of CSFFM in Warsaw and social worker in pre-war Poland. In German-occupied Warsaw during World War II she cooperated with Irena Sendler and the Żegota resistance organization in saving the lives of hundreds of Jewish children from the Warsaw Ghetto. She was recognized as one of Polish Righteous among the Nations by Yad Vashem for her rescue activities.
Protestantism in Poland is the third largest faith in Poland, after the Roman Catholic Church (32,440,722) and the Polish Orthodox Church (503,996). As of 2018 there were 103 registered Protestant denominations in Poland, and in 2023 there were 130,000 Protestants in the country.
Antonina Maria Izabela Wiłucka-Kowalska was a Polish religious leader, who served as the first archpriestess of the Catholic Mariavite Church. Wiłucka-Kowalska was the first woman to receive the sacrament of holy orders in Poland and consecration as a bishop.
Teofila Bogumiła Glińska was a Polish poet. She published poems in the style of the Enlightenment; they are regarded as having been among the first poems in Poland written in the Romantic sentimentalist style.
The Polish-Catholic Church in the Republic of Poland, also known as the Church of Poland or Polish-Catholic Church, is a Polish Old Catholic church in Poland.
The Alfonse pogrom was a three-day riot in Warsaw, Poland. The violence led to the destruction of several dozen brothels, and to as many as 15 deaths. Accounts and analyses of the event differ with regard to its goals and participants.
Adam Puławski is a Polish historian and former researcher for the Institute of National Remembrance (IPN). His research focuses on the Polish Underground State and the Polish government-in-exile and their actions toward the Jewish citizens of Poland during the Holocaust. Puławski has argued that the Polish government often treated Polish Jews as foreigners and their extermination as a secondary issue. In contrast to claims made by the Law and Justice party that the Polish government-in-exile did its best to help the Polish Jews, Puławski found that there were attempts to censor news of the fate of Jews.
Wartołowska Zofia,, was a Polish archaeologist who was head of the Early Middle Ages Department of the Chair of Ancient and Early Modern Archaeology and alter the head of the Early Middle Ages Department of the Department of Prehistoric and Early Medieval Archaeology at the University of Warsaw
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