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Gold mining in Alaska, a state of the United States, has been a major industry and impetus for exploration and settlement since a few years after the United States acquired the territory in 1867 from the Russian Empire. Russian explorers discovered placer gold in the Kenai River in 1848, but no gold was produced. Gold mining started in 1870 from placers southeast of Juneau, Alaska.
Impala Platinum Holdings Limited or Implats is a South African holding company that owns several companies which operate mines that produce platinum and platinum group metals, as well as nickel, copper and cobalt. Its most significant mine is the Impala mine in the North West province of South Africa. The company also owns or has interest in the Two Rivers mine and the Marula mine in the South Africa Bushveld Igneous Complex and the Mimosa mine and Zimplats in Zimbabwe, as well as the Impala Refining Services which smelts and refines metals for other companies. In December 2019, Impala Canada was formed, owned by the holding company, out of the acquisition of North American Palladium and its mine in Ontario, Canada.
The Muncelu Mic mine was a large open pit mine in the western of Romania in Hunedoara County, 16 km southeast of Simeria and 387 km north-west of the capital, Bucharest. Muncelu Mic represents one of the largest iron ore reserves in Romania having estimated reserves of 6.5 million tonnes of ore. When it was operational it produced around 200,000 tonnes of iron ore/year. The mine also has a gold and silver reserves of around 5.4 million tonnes grading 1g/t gold and 8g/t silver resulting 173,000 oz of gold and 1.38 million oz of silver.
The Săcărâmb mine is a large open pit mine in the west of Romania in Hunedoara County, 30 km (19 mi) north of Deva and 400 km (250 mi) north of the capital, Bucharest. Săcărâmb represents a large gold deposit with estimated reserves of 530,000 oz (15,000 kg) of gold. The mine also has the only tellurium and selenium reserves in Romania, having around 10 million tonnes grading 0.24g/tonnes for both elements. The project is owned by the Toronto-based company Carpathian Gold in association with the Romanian company Deva Gold.
The Modikwa platinum mine is a large underground mine in the north-eastern part of South Africa northwest of Burgersfort, Limpopo. It is part of the Bushveld Igneous Complex. Modikwa represents one of the largest platinum reserves in South Africa having estimated reserves of 215.2 million tonnes of ore grading 2 g/t platinum, 1.87 g/t palladium and minor grades of gold, rhodium, ruthenium and iridium. The mine has reserves of 13.8 million oz of platinum and 12.9 million oz of palladium and produces around 120,000 oz of platinum/year and 110,000 oz of palladium/year. The mine is owned under a 50%/50% joint venture by African Rainbow Minerals and Anglo American Platinum. Each of these companies have part of their stakes subdivided between other companies.
The Two Rivers mine is a large bord and pillar mine located in the north-eastern part of South Africa in Steelpoort, Limpopo. Two Rivers represents one of the largest platinum reserves in South Africa having estimated reserves of 100 million tonnes of ore grading 1.8 gr/t platinum, 1.07 gr/t palladium and minor grades of gold, rhodium, ruthenium and iridium. The mine has reserves of 5.76 million oz of platinum and 3.2 million oz of palladium and produces around 150,000 oz of platinum/year and 90,000 oz of palladium/year.
The Chapada mine is one of the larger gold mines in Brazil, and in the world.
The El Peñón mine is one of the largest gold mines in Chile and in the world. The mine is located in the northern part of Chile in Antofagasta Region. The mine has estimated reserves of 2.72 million oz of gold and 84.6 million oz of silver.
The Candelaria mine is a large open pit and underground copper-gold mine located in northern Chile in the Atacama Region. Candelaria has Proven and Probable Reserves of 676 million tonnes of ore grading 0.53% copper, 0.13 g/t gold, and 1.79 g/t silver; containing 3.58 million tonnes of copper, 3.0 million oz of gold and 39 million oz of silver. The mine project incorporates a reverse osmosis plant at the port of Caldera, commissioned in 2013, with a capacity to produce 500 litres per second of desalinated industrial water, piping it 115 km from the Pacific Ocean to the minesite.
The Konttijärvi mine is one of the largest gold mines in Finland and in the world. The mine is located in the north of the country in Lapland. The mine has estimated reserves of 2.8 million oz of gold, 2.07 million oz of palladium and 0.58 million oz of platinum. The mine also has ore reserves amounting to 35.6 million tonnes grading 0.19% copper and 0.07% nickel.
The Ahmavaara mine is one of the largest gold mines in Finland and in the world. The mine is located in the north of the country in Lapland. The mine has estimated reserves of 4.5 million oz of gold, 3.4 million oz of palladium and 0.72 million oz of platinum. The mine also has ore reserves amounting to 78.1 million tonnes grading 0.24% copper and 0.09% nickel.
The Ak-Sugskoye mine is a large copper mine located in the south of Russia in Tuva. Ak-Sugskoye represents one of the largest copper reserve in Russia and in the world having estimated reserves of 326 million tonnes of ore grading 6.86% copper, 1.78 million oz of gold and 13.6 million oz of silver.
The Pudozhsky mine is one of the largest titanium mines in Russia. The mine is located in Republic of Karelia. The mine has reserves amounting to 516.7 million tonnes of ore grading 8.1% titanium, 1 million oz of platinum and 2.4 million oz of gold.
The Aganozersky mine is a large mine in the north of Russia in the Republic of Karelia. Aganozersky represents one of the largest nickel reserve in Russia having estimated reserves of 405 million tonnes of ore grading 0.15% nickel, 2.33 million oz of platinum, 1.66 million oz of palladium and 0.43 million oz of gold. The 405 million tonnes of ore contains 0.6 million tonnes of nickel metal. The mine contains a large chromium reserve as well, having estimated reserves of 181.6 million tonnes of ore grading 21.8% chromium. The 181.6 million tonnes of ore contains 38.7 million tonnes of chromium metal.
The Shalozersky mine is a large mine in the north of Russia in the Republic of Karelia. Shalozersky represents one of the largest nickel reserve in Russia having estimated reserves of 306.1 million tonnes of ore grading 0.14% nickel, 4.56 million oz of platinum, 3.91 million oz of palladium and 0.85 million oz of gold. The 306.1 million tonnes of ore contains 0.43 million tonnes of nickel metal.
The Kyzyl-Tash Turk mine is one of the largest lead and zinc mines in Russia. The mine is located in the Tyva Republic, and has 12.9 million metric tons of ore grading 1.55% lead and 10% zinc, or 0.2 million metric tons of pure lead and 1.29 million metric tons of pure zinc. The mine also has reserves amounting to 482,000 oz of gold and 21.7 million oz of silver.
The Țarina mine is a large mine located in the west of Romania in Alba County. Țarina represents a large gold deposit with estimated reserves of 1.52 million oz of gold and 5.59 million oz of silver.
The Maslovskoye mine is a large mine in the center of Russia in the Krasnoyarsk Krai. Maslovskoye represents one of the largest nickel reserve in Russia having estimated reserves of 215 million tonnes of ore grading 0.33% nickel, 12.5 million oz of platinum, 35.5 million oz of palladium and 1.3 million oz of gold. The 215 million tonnes of ore contains 0.73 million tonnes of nickel metal.
The Ngezi mine is a collection of underground mines located in the northern part of Zimbabwe in Mashonaland West Province. Ngezi represents one of the largest platinum reserves in Southern Africa having estimated reserves of 107.4 million oz of platinum. The mine produces around 200,000 oz of platinum/year.
The Martabe mine is one of the largest gold mines in Indonesia and in the world.
References
- 1 2 3 4 "Arctic platinum" (PDF). gtk.fi. 2012. Retrieved 2013-07-05.[ permanent dead link ]
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