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Violence against transgender people includes emotional,physical,sexual,or verbal violence targeted towards transgender people. The term has also been applied to hate speech directed at transgender people and at depictions of transgender people in the media that reinforce negative stereotypes about them. Trans and non-binary gender adolescents can experience bashing in the form of bullying and harassment. When compared to their cisgender peers,trans and non-binary gender youth are at increased risk for victimisation and substance abuse.
The Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (MWRD),originally known as the Sanitary District of Chicago, is a special-purpose district chartered to operate in Cook County,Illinois since 1889. Although its name may imply otherwise,it is not a part of the City of Chicago's local government but is created by Illinois state government with an elected Board of Commissioners. The MWRD's main purposes are the reclamation and treatment of wastewater and flood water abatement in Cook County to protect the health and safety of citizens and of area waterways. In 1900,the District notably reversed the flow of the Chicago River,and it is currently involved in the large multi-decade construction of the "Deep Tunnel," Tunnel and Reservoir Plan (TARP).
Lorrainne Sade Baskerville is an American social worker,activist,and trans woman best known for founding transgender advocacy group transGENESIS.
Christina Kahrl is one of the co-founders of Baseball Prospectus. She is the former executive editor of the think tank's website,BaseballProspectus.com,the former managing editor for their annual publication,former writer and editor for ESPN.com,and is currently sports editor of the San Francisco Chronicle. She is a member of the Baseball Writers' Association of America.
The transgender rights movement is a movement to promote the legal status of transgender people and to eliminate discrimination and violence against transgender people regarding housing,employment,public accommodations,education,and health care. A major goal of transgender activism is to allow changes to identification documents to conform with a person's current gender identity without the need for gender-affirming surgery or any medical requirements,which is known as gender self-identification. It is part of the broader LGBT rights movements.
In the United States,the rights of transgender people vary considerably by jurisdiction. In recent decades,there has been an expansion of federal,state,and local laws and rulings to protect transgender Americans;however,many rights remain unprotected,and some rights are being eroded. Since 2020,there has been a national movement by conservative/right-wing politicians and organizations to target transgender rights. There has been a steady increase in the number of anti-transgender bills introduced each year,especially in Republican-led states.
Illinois is seen as one of the most progressive states in the U.S. in regard to lesbian,gay,bisexual,transgender,and queer (LGBTQ) rights and often viewed as one of the most liberal states in the Midwestern United States. Same-sex sexual activity has been legal since 1962,after Illinois became the first U.S. state to repeal its sodomy laws. Same-sex marriage was banned by statute in 1996,but has since been legalized after a law allowing such marriages was signed by Governor Pat Quinn on November 20,2013 and went into effect on June 1,2014. Civil unions have been recognized since 2011,and same-sex couples are also allowed to adopt. Additionally,discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity is banned in employment,housing,credit and public accommodations,and conversion therapy on minors has been outlawed since 2016.
This article addresses the history of transgender people in the United States from prior to Western contact until the present. There are a few historical accounts of transgender people that have been present in the land now known as the United States at least since the early 1600s. Before Western contact,some Native American tribes had third gender people whose social roles varied from tribe to tribe. People dressing and living differently from the gender roles typical of their sex assigned at birth and contributing to various aspects of American history and culture have been documented from the 17th century to the present day. In the 20th and 21st centuries,advances in gender-affirming surgery as well as transgender activism have influenced transgender life and the popular perception of transgender people in the United States.
Transgender disenfranchisement is the prevention by bureaucratic,institutional and social barriers,of transgender individuals from voting or participating in other aspects of civic life. Transgender people may be disenfranchised if the sex indicated on their identification documents does not match their gender presentation,and they may be unable to update necessary identity documents because some governments require individuals to undergo sex reassignment surgery first,which many cannot afford,are not medical candidates for,or do not want.
Jazz Jennings is an American YouTube personality,spokesmodel,television personality,and LGBT rights activist. Jennings is one of the youngest publicly documented people to be identified as transgender. Jennings received national attention in 2007 when an interview with Barbara Walters aired on 20/20,which led to other high-profile interviews and appearances. Christine Connelly,a member of the board of directors for the Boston Alliance of Gay,Lesbian,Bisexual,and Transgender Youth,stated,"She was the first young person who picked up the national spotlight,went on TV and was able to articulate her perspective and point of view with such innocence." Her parents noted that Jennings was clear on being female as soon as she could speak.
Miss Major Griffin-Gracy,often referred to as Miss Major,is an American author,activist,and community organizer for transgender rights. She has participated in activism and community organizing for a range of causes,and served as the first executive director for the Transgender Gender Variant Intersex Justice Project.
Ellen Jean Krug is an American transgender activist,author,and lawyer. In 2009,two months after transitioning from male to female,she became the first attorney in Iowa to engage in jury trials in separate genders.
Deadnaming is the act of referring to a transgender or non-binary person by a name they used prior to transitioning,such as their birth name. Deadnaming may be unintentional,or a deliberate attempt to deny,mock,or invalidate a person's gender identity.
Transgender and travesti rights in Argentina have been lauded by many as some of the world's most progressive. The country "has one of the world's most comprehensive transgender rights laws". The Gender Identity Law,passed in 2012,made Argentina the "only country that allows people to change their gender identities without facing barriers such as hormone therapy,surgery or psychiatric diagnosis that labels them as having an abnormality". In 2015,the World Health Organization cited Argentina as an exemplary country for providing transgender rights. Leading transgender activists include Lohana Berkins,Diana Sacayán,Mariela Muñoz,María Belén Correa,Marlene Wayar,Claudia Pía Baudracco,Susy Shock and Lara Bertolini.
Masen Davis is an American transgender rights activist who is currently the interim executive director of Transgender Europe,and was previously the executive director of Freedom for All Americans and of the Transgender Law Center.
Dr. Kim Fountain is the Deputy CEO of The San Diego LGBT Community Center. She was previously the Chief Operating Officer of the Center on Halsted,the Midwest's largest LGBTQ+ community center,located in Chicago,Illinois,. the executive director of the Pride Center of Vermont and the co-director for the New York City Gay &Lesbian Anti-Violence Project. Fountain has served on the New York State Crime Victims Board and is a trainer for the Office of Victims of Crime and the National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs' Reports Committee. She serves on the board of the National Asian Pacific American Women's Forum.
Bárbara "Soraya" Santiago Solla was a pioneer of the transgender community in Puerto Rico as well as the first person in Puerto Rico to change the gender designation on their birth certificate following gender reassignment surgery.
Ellie Kim, artist name SuperKnova, is a singer,activist,physician and musician. She has released two studio albums,American Queers and,most recently,superuniverse. She is noted for speaking out publicly against non-consensual intersex surgery in infants while working at Lurie Children’s Hospital in Chicago,Illinois.
Rebekah Bruesehoff is an American LGBTQ rights activist,social media influencer,and author. As a child,Bruesehoff began attending protests with her mother;she became involved as a prominent supporter of transgender youth when many felt that the Donald Trump administration denied rights to trans students.
Gloria Allen was an American transgender activist who ran a charm school for transgender youth in Chicago's Center on Halsted.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Kaufman, Alexander C. (June 5, 2019). "Precious Brady-Davis Is Connecting The Dots". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
- 1 2 Clifton, Derrick (February 12, 2021). "Activist Precious Brady-Davis Reclaims Her Identity as a Black, Trans Woman in New Memoir". Them. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Schoenberg, Nara (July 18, 2021). "Precious Brady-Davis, who broke barriers as the first transgender mom to be correctly gendered on an Illinois birth certificate, tells her story in a new memoir". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on January 8, 2022. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
- ↑ "Precious Brady-Davis (D)". WTTW. 2022. Retrieved June 26, 2023.
- ↑ Schoenberg, Nara (January 14, 2020). "In a first for Illinois, transgender man who gave birth will be listed as the father on his baby's birth certificate". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on June 20, 2023. Retrieved June 26, 2023.
Arnold said via email that the birth certificate will be a first for Illinois, and the state is working to make accurate gender identification a permanent option easily available to all transgender parents.
- ↑ Schoenberg, Nara (July 17, 2019). "'We're pregnant!': High-profile transgender couple Myles and Precious Brady Davis are expecting their first child". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on January 8, 2022. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
- ↑ Rivera, Mark (July 12, 2023). "First ever Black trans woman water reclamation district commissioner sworn in". abc7chicago.com. Archived from the original on July 13, 2023. Retrieved July 13, 2023.
