A prodromus ('forerunner' or 'precursor') aka prodrome is a term used in the natural sciences to describe a preliminary publication intended as the basis for a later, more comprehensive work.
It is also a medical term used for a premonitory symptom, that is, a symptom indicating the onset of a disease. [1] [2]
The origin of the word is from the 19th century: via French from New Latin prodromus, from Greek prodromos forerunner. [3]
Nicolas Steno's De solido intra solidum naturaliter contento dissertationis prodromus, one of the early treatises attempting to explain the occurrence of fossils in solid rock.
Ludovico Marracci's Latin translation from the Arabic Qur’an was published in 1698. His ‘Introduction’ (Prodromus) had been published seven years earlier. [4]
Other notable prodromi include Prodromus Entomology , Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen , Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis .
Angst is fear or anxiety. The dictionary definition for angst is a feeling of anxiety, apprehension, or insecurity.
An idiot, in modern use, is a stupid or foolish person.
Melancholia or melancholy is a concept found throughout ancient, medieval and premodern medicine in Europe that describes a condition characterized by markedly depressed mood, bodily complaints, and sometimes hallucinations and delusions.
Family is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family".
Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position provides a definition of what is at the front ("anterior"), behind ("posterior") and so on. As part of defining and describing terms, the body is described through the use of anatomical planes and anatomical axes.
Translations of the Qurʻan are considered interpretations of the scripture of Islam in languages other than Arabic. The Qurʻan was originally written in the Arabic language and has been translated into most major African, Asian and European languages.
Apoplexy is rupture of an internal organ and the accompanying symptoms. The term formerly referred to what is now called a hemorrhagic stroke, which is the result of a ruptured blood vessel in the brain. Nowadays, health care professionals do not use the term, but instead specify the anatomic location of the bleeding, such as cerebral, ovarian or pituitary.
Allopathic medicine, or allopathy, is an archaic and derogatory label originally used by 19th-century homeopaths to describe heroic medicine, the precursor of modern evidence-based medicine. There are regional variations in usage of the term. In the United States, the term is sometimes used to contrast with osteopathic medicine, especially in the field of medical education. In India, the term is used to distinguish conventional modern medicine from Siddha, Ayurveda, homeopathy, Unani and other alternative and traditional medicine traditions, especially when comparing treatments and drugs.
Signs and symptoms are the observed or detectable signs, and experienced symptoms of an illness, injury, or condition.
A panacea, named after the Greek goddess of universal remedy Panacea, is any supposed remedy that is claimed to cure all diseases and prolong life indefinitely. It was in the past sought by alchemists in connection with the elixir of life and the philosopher's stone, a mythical substance that would enable the transmutation of common metals into gold. Through the 18th and 19th centuries, many "patent medicines" were claimed to be panaceas, and they became very big business. The term "panacea" is used in a negative way to describe the overuse of any one solution to solve many different problems, especially in medicine. The word has acquired connotations of snake oil and quackery.
A pergola is most commonly an outdoor garden feature forming a shaded walkway, passageway, or sitting area of vertical posts or pillars that usually support cross-beams and a sturdy open lattice, often upon which woody vines are trained. The origin of the word is the Late Latin pergula, referring to a projecting eave.
An Arabist is someone, often but not always from outside the Arab world, who specialises in the study of the Arabic language and culture.
A sequela is a pathological condition resulting from a disease, injury, therapy, or other trauma. Derived from the Latin word meaning "sequel", it is used in the medical field to mean a complication or condition following a prior illness or disease.
Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete is the translation of the Qur'an into Medieval Latin by Robert of Ketton. It is the earliest translation of the Qur'an into a Western language.
Abraham Hinckelmann, a German Protestant theologian, was an Islamologist who was one of the first to print a complete Qur'an in Hamburg.
A dispensary is an office in a school, hospital, industrial plant, or other organization that dispenses medications, medical supplies, and in some cases even medical and dental treatment. In a traditional dispensary set-up, a pharmacist dispenses medication per the prescription or order form. The English term originated from the medieval Latin noun dispensaria and is cognate with the Latin verb dispensare, 'to distribute'.
Ludovico Marracci, also known by Luigi Marracci, was an Italian Oriental scholar and professor of Arabic in the College of Wisdom at Rome.
Abdominal aura is used to denote a type of somatosensory or somaesthetic aura that typically manifests itself as abdominal discomfort in the form of nausea, malaise, hunger, or pain. The term is indebted to the Latin words abdomen (belly) and aura.
An apostle, in its literal sense, is an emissary, from Ancient Greek ἀπόστολος (apóstolos), literally "one who is sent off", from the verb ἀποστέλλειν (apostéllein), "to send off". The purpose of such sending off is usually to convey a message, and thus "messenger" is a common alternative translation; other common translations include "ambassador" and "envoy". The term in Ancient Greek also has other related meanings.