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Since 1 April 1996, Wales has been divided into 22 single-tier principal areas for local government purposes. The elected councils of these areas are responsible for the provision of all local government services, including education, social work, environmental protection, and most highways. Below these there are also elected community councils to which responsibility for specific aspects of the application of local policy may be devolved.
The Welsh Government is the devolved government of Wales. The government consists of ministers, who attend cabinet meetings, and deputy ministers who do not, and also of a counsel general. It is led by the first minister, usually the leader of the largest party in the Senedd, who selects ministers and deputy ministers with the approval of the Senedd. The government is responsible for tabling policy in devolved areas for consideration by the Senedd and implementing policy that has been approved by it.
Politics in Wales forms a distinctive polity in the wider politics of the United Kingdom, with Wales as one of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom (UK).
Evidence-based policy (EBP) is an idea in public policy proposing that policy decisions should be based on, or informed by, rigorously established objective evidence. The implied contrast here is with policymaking based on ideology or 'common sense'. It is also assumed that social goals are best served when scientific evidence is used rigorously and comprehensively to inform decisions, rather than in a piecemeal, manipulated, or cherry-picked manner. The move towards evidence-based policy has its roots in the larger movement towards evidence-based practice, which was prompted by the rise of evidence-based medicine in the 1980s. It is, nevertheless, a controversial idea.
The monetary policies which create the economy of Wales are, on the whole, created by the United Kingdom Government and as such, Wales is not allowed to borrow money, issue bonds, exercise quantitative easing etc. In 2017, the poorest region in Northern Europe was West Wales. The percentage of all individuals, living in relative income poverty in Wales in 2016–17 was 23%, compared to 22% in England, and only 19% in Scotland and Northern Ireland. More than one in five people in Wales were living in poverty between 2001 and 2016.
The Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) is a health services research centre based at the University of York, England. CRD was established in January 1994, and aims to provide research-based information for evidence-based medicine. CRD carries out systematic reviews and meta-analyses of healthcare interventions, and disseminates the results of research to decision-makers in the NHS.
The National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR), established in 1938, is Britain's oldest independent economic research institute. The institute is a London-based independent UK registered charity that carries out academic research of relevance to business and policy makers, both nationally and internationally. The Institute receives no core funding from government or other sources. The bulk of funding comes from research projects awarded or commissioned by a variety of sources, all acknowledged in full in their published materials. The terms of their grants prohibit any involvement from funding bodies in determining or influencing content. Funders include government departments and agencies, the research councils, particularly the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), charitable foundations, the European Commission, and the private sector. The Institute are partners in three ESRC research centres, along with ESCoE, which is funded by the Office for National Statistics.
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Professor Dylan Jones-Evans OBE PhD FRSA was born in Bangor, Gwynedd and brought up in Pwllheli on the Llyn Peninsula. He is currently Assistant Pro-Vice-Chancellor (Enterprise) and the chair in entrepreneurship at the University of South Wales. He is visiting professor of entrepreneurship at the University of Turku in Finland, newspaper columnist and the creator of the Wales Fast Growth 50, the annual barometer of entrepreneurial firms in Wales.
The Wales Institute of Social and Economic Research, Data and Methods (WISERD) is an interdisciplinary social science research centre, with its administrative base at Cardiff University, Wales. Its aim is to draw together and build upon the existing expertise in quantitative and qualitative research methods and methodologies.
Stephen A. C. Gorard is a British academic who specialises in the sociology of education. He is Professor of Education and Public Policy at Durham University.
The University of South Wales is a public university in Wales, with campuses in Cardiff, Newport and Pontypridd. It was formed on 11 April 2013 from the merger of the University of Glamorgan and the University of Wales, Newport. The university is the second largest university in Wales in terms of its student numbers, and offers around 200 undergraduate and postgraduate courses. The university has three main faculties across its campuses in South Wales.
The UK Data Service is a national data service that provides research access to a range of social and economic data collections including UK census data and government funded surveys as well as qualitative and business data.
Jonathan P Shepherd is a Welsh surgeon, criminologist and professor at Cardiff University's Crime and Security Research Institute which he co-founded in 2015. He also founded the University's Violence Research Group. He has initiated UK public service reforms and other measures to strengthen the evidence foundations on which these services are based.
Anthony Peter Macmillan Coxon (1938-2012), better known as Tony Coxon, was a sociologist and pioneer of multidimensional scaling. His fields of research included religion, occupations, social networks and male sexuality. Appointed professor at the age of 35, Coxon later became first director of the ESRC Research Centre and subsequently worked at the Institute for Social and Economic Research of the University of Essex, where he managed the British Household Panel Survey.
Stephen James Martin is a British academic. He is Professor of Public Policy & Management and the Director of the Wales Centre for Public Policy at Cardiff University.
The Wales Centre for Public Policy (WCPP) is an independent policy research institution based in Cardiff, Wales.
The Institute of Welsh Affairs (IWA) is an independent charity and membership-based think-tank based Cardiff, Wales, which specialises in public policy and debate around the economy, education, environment and health sectors in Wales.
The Wales Governance Centre (WGC) is a research centre and think-tank based Cardiff, Wales, which specialises in research into the law, politics, government and political economy of Wales, as well the wider territorial governance of the UK and Europe. It was established shortly after the 1997 Welsh devolution referendum, and was founded by Barry Jones in 1999. Its current director is Professor Richard Wyn Jones, and it is a part of Cardiff University.
References
- ↑ "Public Policy Institute for Wales set up to improve public services". BBC News. 2014-01-27. Retrieved 2017-02-13.
- ↑ "What Works Centres - Economic and Social Research Council". www.esrc.ac.uk. Retrieved 2017-02-13.
- ↑ "Welsh Government". gov.wales. Retrieved 2017-02-13.
- ↑ "What Works Network - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Retrieved 2017-02-13.
- ↑ "Professor Steve Martin". Cardiff University. Retrieved 2017-02-13.
- ↑ "Board of Governors – Public Policy Institute for Wales". ppiw.org.uk. Retrieved 2017-02-13.
- ↑ "£6 million centre to help tackle major policy challenges - Economic and Social Research Council". esrc.ukri.org. Retrieved 2019-04-17.
- ↑ "WCPP". www.wcpp.org.uk. Retrieved 2019-04-17.
