QV75

QV75
	Burial site of Henutmire
	Titles of the Princess-Queen from QV75. Lepsius tomb 1 in the Valley of the Queens
Location	Valley of the Queens
Layout	A hall, a corridor and a burial chamber
	← Previous; QV74 Tentopet Next →; QV76 Merytre
	← Previous; QV74 Tentopet Next →; QV76 Merytre

Last updated May 03, 2019

QV75 is the tomb of Henutmire, likely the daughter (or sister) and Great Wife of Ramesses II, in Egypt's Valley of the Queens. It was mentioned by Champollion and Lepsius.

Henutmire was an Ancient Egyptian princess and queen. She was one of the eight Great Royal Wives of Pharaoh Ramesses II of the 19th Dynasty of Egypt.

Ramesses II Egyptian pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt

Ramesses II, also known as Ramesses the Great, was the third pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt. He is often regarded as the greatest, most celebrated, and most powerful pharaoh of the New Kingdom. His successors and later Egyptians called him the "Great Ancestor".

Egypt, officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan, across the Red Sea lies Saudi Arabia, and across the Mediterranean lie Greece, Turkey and Cyprus, although none share a land border with Egypt.

Lepsius gives a short description of this tomb. In his list this is tomb number 1.^[1] Both Lepsius and Porter and Moss list the tomb as belonging to an unknown Queen.^[1]^[2]

The tomb is closest to the mouth of the Valley and it may be one of the last tombs decorated during the reign of Ramesses II. The title King's Daughter is more prevalent than any other title. This may indicate that the tomb was originally intended for a royal princess, and adapted for Henutmire when she died.^[3]

The tomb

The outer hall is decorated with several scenes showing deities. Two figures depicting Anubis are shown before a shrine. Henutmire is shown before a god in a kiosk, and other scenes show Horus.^[2]

Anubis is the Greek name of a god associated with mummification and the afterlife in ancient Egyptian religion, usually depicted as a canine or a man with a canine head. Archeologists have identified Anubis's sacred animal as an Egyptian canid, the African golden wolf.

Horus is one of the most significant ancient Egyptian deities. He was worshipped from at least the late prehistoric Egypt until the Ptolemaic Kingdom and Roman Egypt. Different forms of Horus are recorded in history and these are treated as distinct gods by Egyptologists. These various forms may possibly be different manifestations of the same multi-layered deity in which certain attributes or syncretic relationships are emphasized, not necessarily in opposition but complementary to one another, consistent with how the Ancient Egyptians viewed the multiple facets of reality. He was most often depicted as a falcon, most likely a lanner falcon or peregrine falcon, or as a man with a falcon head.

In the corridor the queen is shown before Ra-Harakhti.^[2]

The inner hall shows the deceased adoring Ra-Harakhty as a hawk. The scene further includes baboons and the goddesses Isis and Nephtys adoring. There are depictions of furniture, including a lion-headed couch and a cow-headed couch. A mirror is shown by the first couch while an ointment jar is shown below the second couch.^[2]

Isis goddess in ancient Egyptian religion

Isis was a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world. Isis was first mentioned in the Old Kingdom as one of the main characters of the Osiris myth, in which she resurrects her slain husband, the divine king Osiris, and produces and protects his heir, Horus. She was believed to help the dead enter the afterlife as she had helped Osiris, and she was considered the divine mother of the pharaoh, who was likened to Horus. Her maternal aid was invoked in healing spells to benefit ordinary people. Originally, she played a limited role in royal rituals and temple rites, although she was more prominent in funerary practices and magical texts. She was usually portrayed in art as a human woman wearing a throne-like hieroglyph on her head. During the New Kingdom, as she took on traits that originally belonged to Hathor, the preeminent goddess of earlier times, Isis came to be portrayed wearing Hathor's headdress: a sun disk between the horns of a cow.

Nephtys is a genus of marine catworms. Some species are halotolerant to a degree in that they can survive in estuaries and estuarine lagoons down to a salinity of 20 psu.

The pillars in the inner room are decorated. The first pillar shows Horus-Inmutef, Hathor, Isis, and the souls of Pe kneeling. The second pillar is decorated with scenes showing Osiris, Maat, and Neith and the souls of Nekhen kneeling. The third pillar again shows Horus-Inmutef, the souls of Nekhen kneeling, Nephthys, and a Western goddess.^[2]

A trough of her coffin was usurped by Harsiese for his interment in Medinet Habu.^[4] Henutmire is named King's Daughter on the sarcophagus, and possibly King's Wife (the latter seems to be hard to read).^[5]

In the Salt papyrus the foreman Paneb is accused of going into the burial of Queen Henutmire and stealing a model of a goose, which was later found in his home.^[6]

The tomb appears to have been reused during the 22nd dynasty. It was reused again during the Roman Period when an additional pit was dug into the floor of the sarcophagus chamber.^[3]

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References

1 2 Denkmaeler aus Aegypten und Aethiopien nach den Zeichnungen der von Seiner Majestät dem Koenige von Preussen, Friedrich Wilhelm IV., nach diesen Ländern gesendeten, und in den Jahren 1842–1845 ausgeführten wissenschaftlichen Expedition auf Befehl Seiner Majestät. 13 vols. Berlin: Nicolaische Buchhandlung. (Reprinted Genève: Éditions de Belles-Lettres, 1972)
1 2 3 4 5 Porter, Bertha and Moss, Rosalind, Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Statues, Reliefs and Paintings Volume I: The Theban Necropolis, Part 2. Royal Tombs and Smaller Cemeteries, Griffith Institute. 1964, pg 766-7
1 2 Demas, Martha, and Neville Agnew, eds. 2012. Valley of the Queens Assessment Report: Volume 1. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Conservation Institute. Getty Conservation Institute, link to article
↑ Aidan Dodson & Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, Thames & Hudson (2004), p.164
↑ Kitchen, K.A., Ramesside Inscriptions, Translated & Annotated, Translations, Volume II, Blackwell Publishers, 1996
↑ Vernus, Pascal, Affairs and Scandals in Ancient Egypt, Cornell University Press, 2003.

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[DM-1] 1 2 Denkmaeler aus Aegypten und Aethiopien nach den Zeichnungen der von Seiner Majestät dem Koenige von Preussen, Friedrich Wilhelm IV., nach diesen Ländern gesendeten, und in den Jahren 1842–1845 ausgeführten wissenschaftlichen Expedition auf Befehl Seiner Majestät. 13 vols. Berlin: Nicolaische Buchhandlung. (Reprinted Genève: Éditions de Belles-Lettres, 1972)

[PM-2] 1 2 3 4 5 Porter, Bertha and Moss, Rosalind, Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Statues, Reliefs and Paintings Volume I: The Theban Necropolis, Part 2. Royal Tombs and Smaller Cemeteries, Griffith Institute. 1964, pg 766-7

[DN-3] 1 2 Demas, Martha, and Neville Agnew, eds. 2012. Valley of the Queens Assessment Report: Volume 1. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Conservation Institute. Getty Conservation Institute, link to article

[4] Aidan Dodson & Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, Thames & Hudson (2004), p.164

[Kitchen-5] Kitchen, K.A., Ramesside Inscriptions, Translated & Annotated, Translations, Volume II, Blackwell Publishers, 1996

[6] Vernus, Pascal, Affairs and Scandals in Ancient Egypt, Cornell University Press, 2003.