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Shell Canada Limited is the principal Canadian subsidiary of British energy major Shell plc and one of Canada's largest integrated oil companies. Exploration and production of oil, natural gas and sulphur is a major part of its business, as well as the marketing of gasoline and related products through the company's approximately 1,800 stations across Canada.
Synthetic fuel or synfuel is a liquid fuel, or sometimes gaseous fuel, obtained from syngas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, in which the syngas was derived from gasification of solid feedstocks such as coal or biomass or by reforming of natural gas.
"Mercury control from coal combustion". UNEP.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a process in which a relatively pure stream of carbon dioxide (CO2) from industrial sources is separated, treated and transported to a long-term storage location. For example, the carbon dioxide stream that is to be captured can result from burning fossil fuels or biomass. Usually the CO2 is captured from large point sources, such as a chemical plant or biomass plant, and then stored in an underground geological formation. The aim is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and thus mitigate climate change.
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The milestones for carbon capture and storage show the lack of commercial scale development and implementation of CCS over the years since the first carbon tax was imposed.
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Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) is the process of capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) to be recycled for further usage. Carbon capture and utilization may offer a response to the global challenge of significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions from major stationary (industrial) emitters.
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The Alberta Carbon Trunk Line System (ACTL) is a $CDN1.2 billion, 240 kilometres (150 mi) CO2-pipeline, owned and operated by Enhance Energy and Wolf Midstream, that captures carbon dioxide from industrial emitters in the Alberta's Industrial Heartland and transports it to "central and southern Alberta for secure storage" in "aging reservoirs", and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects. The pipeline, which came online on June 2, 2020, is the first and largest carbon capture and storage (CCS) system" in Alberta, Canada.
Carbon storage in the North Sea includes programmes being run by several Northern European countries to capture carbon, and store it under the North Sea in either old oil and gas workings, or within saline aquifers. Whilst there have been some moves to international co-operation, most of the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) programmes are governed by the laws of the country that is running them. Because the governments have pledged net zero carbon emissions by 2050, they have to find ways to deal with any remaining CO2 produced, such as by heavy industry. Around 90% of the identified storage geologies for carbon dioxide in Europe are shared between Norway and the United Kingdom; all of the designated sites for storage are located in the North Sea.
References
- ↑ "Discover More About CCS". www.shell.ca. Retrieved 2017-04-28.
- ↑ Beer, Mitchell (2022-01-24). "Shell's 'Milestone' CCS Plant Emits More Carbon Than It Captures, Independent Analysis Finds". The Energy Mix. Retrieved 2023-08-19.
- ↑ Rosa, Lorenzo; Davis, Kyle F.; Rulli, Maria C.; D'Odorico, Paolo (2017-02-01). "Environmental consequences of oil production from oil sands" (PDF). Earth's Future. 5 (2): 2016EF000484. Bibcode:2017EaFut...5..158R. doi: 10.1002/2016EF000484 . ISSN 2328-4277.
- ↑ "Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technologies @ MIT". sequestration.mit.edu. Retrieved 2017-04-28.
- ↑ "Discover More About CCS". www.shell.ca. Retrieved 2017-04-28.
- ↑ "Quest | Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute". www.globalccsinstitute.com. Retrieved 2017-04-28.