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Rishiyur Nataraja Manickam (1 July 1919 – 11 September 2015) was an Indian Police Service officer in the Intelligence Bureau and the Research and Analysis Wing, and retired as Principal Director in R&AW's co-agency, Directorate General of Security. He was Director of the Aviation Research Centre during the Bangladesh War.
Born in Rishiyur [1] in the then Madras Presidency, he was educated in Board High Schools, Erode and Bhavani; Government Arts College, Coimbatore and St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli.
Manickam initially joined the State Police Service, Madras, but was promoted to the Indian Police Service on 3 December 1950 with retrospective allotment year of 1943. [2] He served as S.P. of Madurai and S.P. in the C.I.D.
Manickam went on central deputation on 1 December 1957 and joined the Ministry of External Affairs. Initially he was posted as First Secretary in the Indian Embassy in Washington. [3] He was thereafter posted as Director in MEA, New Delhi, from which he was transferred to the Intelligence Bureau on 31 August 1963 [4] and posted as deputy director. [5] He was repatriated to Madras cadre on 15 December 1965 [6] and subsequently became Inspector General of Police in the state. During this time, he also became honorary president of the Madras Gymkhana Club in 1967–68. [7] On subsequent central deputation, Manickam became Director of the Aviation Research Centre in the early 1969. As Director ARC, he was involved in technical and aerial intelligence during the Bangladesh War. [8] He became Principal Director, DGS on 30 November 1974, with oversight on SSB, SFF and ARC. Manickam retired as PD on 30 June 1977. Much later, in 1993–94, he worked as Member, Tamil Nadu State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission. [9] [10] [11]
He had received the Police and Fire Services Medal for Distinguished Service in 1967 and Police Medal for Meritorious Service in 1958. [12]
Post-retirement, Manickam wrote his memoirs of 36 years of service, titled Security, Espionage and Counter Intelligence, published in 2000. [13]
In March 1981, in a seven-page affidavit, Manickam alleged that his relatives had paid Rs. 10.75 lakh to the relatives of M. G. Ramachandran, chief minister of Tamil Nadu, as bribe for liquor distribution license, but they did not get the license. So, Manickam demanded the money back. This became a political sensation of the time, being used for political purposes by the opposition parties, DMK and the Congress, and resulted into three inquiry commissions. [14] [15] [16]
The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam is an Indian regional political party with great influence in the state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry. It is a Dravidian party founded by the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R.) at Madurai on 17 October 1972 as a breakaway faction from the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam after M. Karunanidhi expelled him from the party for demanding an account as the party treasurer. The party is adhering to the policies of socialism and secularism based on the principles of C. N. Annadurai (Anna) collectively coined as Annaism by M.G.R. The party has won a seven-time majority in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly and has emerged as the most successful political outfit in the state's history. It is currently the main opposition party in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly.
The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam is an Indian political party based in the state of Tamil Nadu, where it is currently the ruling party, and the union territory of Puducherry, where it is currently the main opposition.
Maruthur Gopalan Ramachandran , popularly known by his initials M.G.R., was an Indian actor, politician, and philanthropist who served as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu from 1977 until his death in 1987. He was the founder and first general secretary of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. On 19 March 1988, Ramachandran was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour. Ramachandran is regarded as one of the most influential politicians of post-independence India. Apart from politics, as a film personality he won the National Film Award, two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards and two Filmfare Award South.
The Intelligence Bureau (IB) is India's internal security and counterintelligence agency under the Ministry of Home Affairs. It was founded in 1887 as Central Special Branch, and is reputed to be the oldest such organisation in the world.
Tamil Nadu Police is the primary law enforcement agency of the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is over 150 years old and is the fifth largest state police force in India. Tamil Nadu has a police-population ratio of 1:632. The Director General of the Tamil Nadu police is Shankar Jiwal.
The Superintendent of Police (SP) is a rank in Indian police forces held by an officer who serves as the head of a rural police district. Other officers of the same rank may lead specialised wings or units. In cities under commissionerate system, an SP and SSP may serve as the Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP) under the Commissioner of Police. The SP reports directly to the district magistrate (collector), the administrative head of a revenue district, who has general control and direction over police administration. Additionally, an SP sends monthly reports to the Director General of Police (DGP) through the Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG) and the Inspector General of Police (IGP).
Tamil Nadu Legislative Council was the upper house of the former bicameral legislature of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It began its existence as Madras Legislative Council, the first provincial legislature for Madras Presidency. It was initially created as an advisory body in 1861, by the British colonial government. It was established by the Indian Councils Act 1861, enacted in the British parliament in the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Its role and strength were later expanded by the second Council Act of 1892. Limited election was introduced in 1909. The Council became a unicameral legislative body in 1921 and eventually the upper chamber of a bicameral legislature in 1937. After India became independent in 1947, it continued to be the upper chamber of the legislature of Madras State, one of the successor states to the Madras Presidency. It was renamed as the Tamil Nadu Legislative Council when the state was renamed as Tamil Nadu in 1969. The Council was abolished by the M. G. Ramachandran administration on 1 November 1986. In 1989, 1996 and 2010, the DMK regime headed by M. Karunanidhi tried to revive the Council. The former AIADMK regime (2016-2021) expressed its intention not to revive the council and passed a resolution in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly in this regard.
Dravidian parties include an array of regional political parties in the state of Tamil Nadu, India, which trace their origins and ideologies either directly or indirectly to the Justice Party and the Dravidian movement of C. Natesanar and Periyar E. V. Ramasamy. The Dravidian movement was based on the linguistic divide in India, where most of the Northern Indian, Eastern Indian and Western Indian languages are classified as Indo-Aryan, whereas the South Indian languages are classified as Dravidian. Dravidian politics has developed by associating itself to the Dravidian community. The original goal of Dravidian politics was to achieve social equality, but it later championed the cause of ending the domination of North India over the politics and economy of the South Indian province known as Madras Presidency.
P. Kakkan or fondly known as Kakkan, was an Indian politician and freedom fighter who served as a member of the Constituent Assembly of India, Member of Parliament, President of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee and in various ministerial posts in Congress governments in the erstwhile Madras state between 1957 and 1967.
The fourth legislative assembly election of Madras State was held in February 1967. The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) led coalition under the leadership of C.N. Annadurai won the election defeating the Indian National Congress (Congress). Anti-Hindi agitations, the rising prices of essential commodities, and a shortage of rice were the dominant issues. K. Kamaraj's resignation as the Chief Minister in 1963, to concentrate on party affairs, along with persistent rumors of corruption had weakened the incumbent Congress Government. This was the second time after Communist Party of India winning Kerala assembly elections in 1957, for a non-Congress party to gain the majority in a state in India, and the last time that Congress held power in Tamil Nadu. It was the first time a party or pre-election alliance formed a non-Congress government with an absolute majority. It marked the beginning of Dravidian dominance in the politics of Tamil Nadu. Annadurai, who became the first non-Congress chief minister of post-independence Tamil Nadu, died in office in 1969 and V.R. Nedunchezhiyan took over as acting chief minister.
Bahukutumbi Raman, also referred to as B. Raman, was an Additional Secretary of the Cabinet Secretariat of the Government of India and head of the counter-terrorism division of the Research and Analysis Wing. Until his death in 2013, he was the director of the Institute for Topical Studies, Chennai. B. Raman was also a contributor to the South Asia Analysis Group (SAAG). As a former intelligence official, B. Raman regularly wrote about security, counter-terrorism and military issues regarding India and South Asia. He was considered one of India's foremost security experts.
M.S.Manickam also known as MSM, was a prominent Indian politician, businessman, farmer, and former member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was born on 26 October 1946 and enjoyed widespread recognition in the local community.
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Dr. C. K. Gandhirajan is a retired Indian Police Service (IPS) Officer of the 1985 batch belonging to the Tamil Nadu cadre. Hailing from Thiruvallur District, he served as the Director General of Police, Fire, Rescue and Emergency Services in Tamil Nadu. He obtained a PhD. in criminology from the University of Madras. He is the author of two books, Organized Crime and Inside Prisons.
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Munirathna Anandakrishnan was an Indian civil engineer, educationist, a chairman of the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur and a vice-chancellor of Anna University. He was also an Advisor to the Government of Tamil Nadu on Information Technology and e-Governance. A winner of the National Order of Scientific Merit (Brazil), he was honored by the Government of India, in 2002, with Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award.
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