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Paired box protein Pax-6, also known as aniridia type II protein (AN2) or oculorhombin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PAX6 gene.
The cells that give rise to the gametes are often set aside during embryonic cleavage. During development, these cells will differentiate into primordial germ cells, migrate to the location of the gonad, and form the germline of the animal.
Gene trapping is a high-throughput approach that is used to introduce insertional mutations across an organism's genome.
In molecular biology lin-4 is a microRNA (miRNA) that was identified from a study of developmental timing in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. It was the first to be discovered of the miRNAs, a class of non-coding RNAs involved in gene regulation. miRNAs are transcribed as ~70 nucleotide precursors and subsequently processed by the Dicer enzyme to give a 21 nucleotide product. The extents of the hairpin precursors are not generally known and are estimated based on hairpin prediction. The products are thought to have regulatory roles through complete or partial complementarity to mRNA. The lin-4 gene has been found to lie within a 4.11kb intron of a separate host gene.
Telomerase reverse transcriptase is a catalytic subunit of the enzyme telomerase, which, together with the telomerase RNA component (TERC), comprises the most important unit of the telomerase complex.
Wilms' tumor protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WT1 gene on chromosome 11p.
SRY -box 2, also known as SOX2, is a transcription factor that is essential for maintaining self-renewal, or pluripotency, of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. Sox2 has a critical role in maintenance of embryonic and neural stem cells.
NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1), also known as thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the NKX2-1 gene.
Transcriptional enhancer factor TEF-1 also known as TEA domain family member 1 (TEAD1) and transcription factor 13 (TCF-13) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TEAD1 gene. TEAD1 was the first member of the TEAD family of transcription factors to be identified.
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In molecular cloning and biology, a gene knock-in refers to a genetic engineering method that involves the one-for-one substitution of DNA sequence information in a genetic locus or the insertion of sequence information not found within the locus. Typically, this is done in mice since the technology for this process is more refined and there is a high degree of shared sequence complexity between mice and humans. The difference between knock-in technology and traditional transgenic techniques is that a knock-in involves a gene inserted into a specific locus, and is thus a "targeted" insertion. It is the opposite of gene knockout.
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In genetics, floxing refers to the sandwiching of a DNA sequence between two lox P sites. The terms are constructed upon the phrase "flanking/flanked by LoxP". Recombination between LoxP sites is catalysed by Cre recombinase. Floxing a gene allows it to be deleted, translocated or inverted in a process called Cre-Lox recombination. The floxing of genes is essential in the development of scientific model systems as it allows researchers to have spatial and temporal alteration of gene expression. Moreover, animals such as mice can be used as models to study human disease. Therefore, Cre-lox system can be used in mice to manipulate gene expression in order to study human diseases and drug development. For example, using the Cre-lox system, researchers can study oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and their role in development and progression of cancer in mice models.
Allan Bradley FRS is a British geneticist at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
Elizabeth Jane Robertson is a British developmental biologist based at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford. She is Professor of Developmental Biology at Oxford and a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow. She is best known for her pioneering work in developmental genetics, showing that genetic mutations could be introduced into the mouse germ line by using genetically altered embryonic stem cells. This discovery opened up a major field of experimentation for biologists and clinicians.
Margaret Buckingham, is a British developmental biologist working in the fields of myogenesis and cardiogenesis. She is an honorary professor at the Pasteur Institute in Paris and emeritus director in the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS). She is a member of the European Molecular Biology Organization, the Academia Europaea and the French Academy of Sciences.
H3K4me3 is an epigenetic modification to the DNA packaging protein Histone H3. It is a mark that indicates the tri-methylation at the 4th lysine residue of the histone H3 protein and often involved in the regulation of gene expression. The name denotes the addition of three methyl groups (trimethylation) to the lysine 4 on the histone H3 protein.
Evx1 is a mammalian gene located downstream of the HoxA cluster, which encodes for a homeobox transcription factor. Evx1 is a homolog of even-skipped (eve), which is a pair-rule gene that regulates body segmentation in Drosophila. The expression of Evx1 is developmentally regulated, displaying a biphasic expression pattern with peak expression in the primitive streak during gastrulation and in interneurons during neural development. Evx1 has been shown to regulate anterior-posterior patterning during gastrulation by acting as a downstream effector of the Wnt and BMP signalling pathways. It is also a critical regulator of interneuron identity.
F-box protein 15 also known as Fbx15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXO15 gene.
References
- ↑ "rosa26" . Retrieved 8 January 2013.
- ↑ Friedrich, G; Soriano, P (1991). "Promoter traps in embryonic stem cells: A genetic screen to identify and mutate developmental genes in mice". Genes & Development. 5 (9): 1513–23. doi: 10.1101/gad.5.9.1513 . PMID 1653172.
- ↑ Casola, S (2010). "Mouse models for miRNA expression: The ROSA26 locus". Methods in Molecular Biology. Methods in Molecular Biology. 667: 145–63. doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-811-9_10. ISBN 978-1-60761-810-2. PMID 20827532.
- ↑ Irion, Stefan; Luche, Hervé; Gadue, Paul; Fehling, Hans Joerg; Kennedy, Marion; Keller, Gordon (2007). "Identification and targeting of the ROSA26 locus in human embryonic stem cells". Nature Biotechnology. 25 (12): 1477–82. doi:10.1038/nbt1362. PMID 18037879.
- ↑ Friedrich, G.; Soriano, P. (September 1991). "Promoter traps in embryonic stem cells: a genetic screen to identify and mutate developmental genes in mice". Genes & Development. 5 (9): 1513–1523. doi: 10.1101/gad.5.9.1513 . ISSN 0890-9369. PMID 1653172.