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The Indo-Pakistani war of 1971, also known as the third India-Pakistan war, was a military confrontation between India and Pakistan that occurred during the Bangladesh Liberation War in East Pakistan from 3 December 1971 until the Pakistani capitulation in Dhaka on 16 December 1971. The war began with Pakistan's Operation Chengiz Khan, consisting of preemptive aerial strikes on eight Indian air stations. The strikes led to India declaring war on Pakistan, marking their entry into the war for East Pakistan's independence, on the side of Bengali nationalist forces. India's entry expanded the existing conflict with Indian and Pakistani forces engaging on both the eastern and western fronts. Thirteen days after the war started, India achieved a clear upper hand, and the Eastern Command of the Pakistan military signed the instrument of surrender on 16 December 1971 in Dhaka, marking the formation of East Pakistan as the new nation of Bangladesh. Approximately 93,000 Pakistani servicemen were taken prisoner by the Indian Army, which included 79,676 to 81,000 uniformed personnel of the Pakistan Armed Forces, including some Bengali soldiers who had remained loyal to Pakistan. The remaining 10,324 to 12,500 prisoners were civilians, either family members of the military personnel or collaborators (Razakars).
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Gurung Hill is a mountain near the Line of Actual Control between the Indian- and Chinese-administered portions of Ladakh near the village of Chushul and the Spanggur Lake. As of 2020, the Line of Actual Control runs on the north–south ridgeline of Gurung Hill. To the west of Gurung lies the Chushul valley and to the right of it are mountains of Kailash Range forming the basins of the Spanggur Lake and the Pangong Lake in this area.
Lieutenant General Kashmir Singh Katoch, MC was an Indian Army General and military adviser to the Maharaja Hari Singh of Jammu and Kashmir, officiating as the Chief of Staff of the State Forces during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. He later served as the Vice Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army.
References
- ↑ "Uncovering TV 'Defence Specialist' RSN Singh's RAW Credentials", The Quint, 6 September 2017
- ↑ "Guest Post# 5: The Security of Aam Aadmi by Col.RSN Singh", News 18, 13 December 2013
- ↑ Singh, R.S.N.S.; Observer Research Foundation (2005). Asian Strategic and Military Perspective. Lancer Publishers & Distributors. Book overview. ISBN 978-81-7062-245-1 . Retrieved 9 April 2024. Quote=".....attempts to examine the critical factors that influence the foreign and defense policies of Asian countries."
- ↑ Singh, R.S.N.S.; Observer Research Foundation (2008). The Military Factor in Pakistan. Frankfort, IL. p. XVII. ISBN 978-0-9815378-9-4 . Retrieved 9 April 2024. Quote="Pakistan army has considerable experience in inducing terrorism and insurgency in other countries. But it has little experience in combating these."
- ↑ Singh, RSN (2021). Know the Anti-Nationals. Lancer Publishers & Distributors. p. xi. ISBN 978-81-7062-330-4 . Retrieved 9 April 2024. Quote="Jihadism and Maoism are the two main destructive storms. Fueling these storms are India’s enemies as well as the forces of proselytization. They have to be crushed both at ideological and physical levels."
- ↑ Singh, RSN. The Jihadis Plus - Know the Anti-Nationals. Lancer Publishers. Retrieved 10 April 2024. Quote = "Since anti-nationals keep mutating in updated versions, correspondingly this book became an imperative."
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