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Carnatic music, known as Karnāṭaka saṃgīta or Karnāṭaka saṅgītam in the South Indian languages, is a system of music commonly associated with South India, including the modern Indian states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, and Sri Lanka. It is one of two main subgenres of Indian classical music that evolved from ancient Hindu Texts and traditions, particularly the Samaveda. The other subgenre being Hindustani music, which emerged as a distinct form because of Persian or Islamic influences from Northern India. The main emphasis in Carnatic music is on vocal music; most compositions are written to be sung, and even when played on instruments, they are meant to be performed in gāyaki (singing) style.
Hanumatodi, more popularly known as Todi, is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is the 8th melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system. This is sung very often in concerts. It is a difficult rāgam to perform in owing to its complexity in prayoga. It is called Janatodi in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music. Its Western equivalent is the Phrygian mode. Todi in Carnatic music is different from Todi (thaat) of Hindustani music. The equivalent of the Hindustani raga Todi in Carnatic music is Shubhapantuvarali. The equivalent of Carnatic Todi in Hindustani is Bhairavi thaat in terms of notes, but the two sound very different due to differing uses of gamakas.
Muthuswami Dikshitar (IAST: muttusvāmi dīkṣitar, 24 March 1776 – 21 October 1835), mononymously Dikshitar, was a South Indian poet, singer and veena player, and a legendary composer of Indian classical music, who is considered one of the musical trinity of Carnatic music. Muthuswami Dikshitar was born on 24 March 1775 in Tiruvarur near Thanjavur, in what is now the state of Tamil Nadu in India, to a family that is traditionally traced back to Virinichipuram in the northern boundaries of the state. His compositions, of which around 500 are commonly known, are noted for their elaborate and poetic descriptions of Hindu gods and temples and for capturing the essence of the raga forms through the vainika (veena) style that emphasises gamakas. They are typically in a slower speed. He is also known by his signature name of Guruguha which is also his mudra. His compositions are widely sung and played in classical concerts of Carnatic music.
Dhīraśankarābharaṇaṃ, commonly known as Śankarābharaṇaṃ, is a rāga in Carnatic music. It is the 29th Melakarta rāga in the 72 Melakarta rāga system of Carnatic music. Since this raga has many Gamakās (ornamentations), it is glorified as "Sarva Gamaka Maaṇika Rakti Rāgaṃ".
Subbarama Dikshitar (1839–1906) was a Carnatic music composer. He was the grandson, and also the adopted son, of Baluswami Dikshitar, a brother of Muthuswami Dikshitar. He was an accomplished composer in his own right, but is more famous for his Sangita Sampradaya Pradarshini, a book detailing the works of Muthuswami Dikshitar and a reference on many other Carnatic musical concepts.
Vaidyanatha Sivan was a composer and vocalist of Carnatic music. He was a great exponent of extemporaneous singing. He also composed a ragamalika with all the 72 melakartha ragas.
Kalyani is a melakarta raga in the Carnatic music. It was called Kalyan but is now more popularly called Yaman in Hindustani Music. Its Western equivalent is the Lydian mode.
Kanakangi is a ragam in Carnatic music. It is the 1st Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Kanakāmbari in the Muthuswami Dikshitar school.
Ganamurti is a ragam in Carnatic music. It is the 3rd Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music.
Manavati is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is the 5th Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. In Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music, the 5th melakarta is Manōranjani.
Gayakapriya is a ragam in Carnatic music. It is the 13th Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music.
Salagam is a ragam in Carnatic music. It is the 37th melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Sowgandini in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.
Saveri is a Carnatic music ragam. This raga is a janya of the 15th Melakarta raga Mayamalavagowla. This raga brings out karuna rasa, i.e. it brings mood of compassion.
Navaragamalika is a composition in Carnatic Music that is composed using a collection of nine ragas. Each verse is set to a different raga.
Amr̥tavarṣiṇi is a rāgam in Carnatic music, created in the early nineteenth century by Muthuswami Dikshitar. It is an audava rāgam in which only five of the seven swaras are used. It is a janya rāgam, fairly popular in Carnatic music. There is a belief that Amr̥tavarṣiṇi causes rain, and that the Carnatic composer Muthuswami Dikshitar brought rain at Ettayapuram, Tamil Nadu, India by singing his composition, Aanandaamrutakarshini amrutavarshini.
"Vatapi Ganapatim", also known as "Vatapi ganapatim bhajeham" or "Vatapi ganapatim bhaje", is a Sanskrit kriti song by the South Indian poet-composer Muthuswami Dikshitar (1775–1835), one of the "Trinity of Carnatic music". The panegyrical hymn praises Vatapi Ganapati, Ganesha (Ganapati) worshipped in a shrine in Tiruchenkattankudi Utrapatishwaraswamy Temple dedicated to lord Shiva in Thiruvarur district in the Tamil Nadu state of India. The hymn is composed in Hamsadhvani raga ; however, in tradition of kritis, individual performers add their own variations in the tune as a part of improvisation. Vatapi Ganapatim is considered the best-known piece of Muthuswami Dikshitar and is one of the most popular compositions of Carnatic music. The hymn is traditionally sung at the beginning of many Carnatic music concerts.
Lalitha is a raga in Carnatic music. It is a janya raga of Mayamalavagowla, the 15th Melakarta raga. It is closely related to Vasantha, as the two share many characteristic prayogas and have similar scales. Lalitha is often used In Tamil film songs, especially by Ilayaraja who has composed five film songs based on this ragam.
Darbar is a ragam in Carnatic music. The raga is a comparatively recent entry to Carnatic Music, possibly in the earlier part of the 18th century.
Ramaswami Dikshita or Dikshitar was a South Indian composer of Carnatic music and the father of Muthuswami Dikshitar. He was a member of the courts of Amarasimha and Tulaja II of Thanjavur.
References
- 1 2 Vijayakrishnan, K. G. (2008-09-25). The Grammar of Carnatic Music. De Gruyter Mouton. doi:10.1515/9783110198881. ISBN 978-3-11-019888-1.
- 1 2 3 Subbarāmadīkṣitula, 1839-1906. (1973–1992). Saṅgīta sampradāya pradarśini. Āndhrapradēś Saṅgīta Nāṭaka Akāḍamī Pracuraṇa. OCLC 749955565.
- ↑ "Royal Carpet Carnatic Composers: MahA VaidhyanAtha Sivan Shivan VaidyanAta Iyer". karnatik.com. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
- 1 2 Venkitasubramonia Iyer, S (1975). Swati Tirunal and his music. Trivandrum: College Book House. OCLC 2188842.
- ↑ Tumhein Mohabbat Live Performance by AR Rahman ft.Irshad Kamil | Arijit Singh | Atrangi Re , retrieved 2022-11-08
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