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Politics of Bangladesh takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Bangladesh is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The Constitution of Bangladesh was written in 1972, and has undergone seventeen amendments.
Bangladesh Nationalist Party is a major political party in Bangladesh. Founded on 1 September 1978 by the late Bangladeshi president Ziaur Rahman, with a view of uniting people with a nationalist ideology, BNP later came out as one of the two most dominant parties in Bangladesh, along with its archrival Awami League. Initially being a big tent centrist party, it moved towards more right-wing politics later.
Begum Khaleda Zia is a Bangladeshi politician who served as the prime minister of Bangladesh from March 1991 to March 1996, and again from June 2001 to October 2006. She was the first female prime minister of Bangladesh and second female prime minister in the Muslim world, after Benazir Bhutto. She is the widow of one of the former presidents of Bangladesh, Ziaur Rahman. She is the chairperson and leader of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) since 1984, which was founded by her husband in 1978.
The Bangladesh Awami League, simply known as Awami League, is one of the major political parties in Bangladesh. The oldest existing political party in the country, the party played a large role in achieving Bangladeshi independence both before and after the Bangladesh Liberation War. It is also one of the two most dominant parties in the country, along with its archrival Bangladesh Nationalist Party. Throughout its tenure as the ruling party from January 6, 2009 to August 5, 2024, it has been consistently described as authoritarian and dictatorial.
Sheikh Hasina Wazed is a Bangladeshi politician who served as the tenth prime minister of Bangladesh from June 1996 to July 2001 and again from January 2009 to August 2024. She is the daughter of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding father and first president of Bangladesh. Having served for a combined total of over 20 years, she is the longest serving prime minister in the history of Bangladesh. She was the world's longest-serving female head of government. Her regime ended in self-imposed exile following a series of violent protests in 2024.
Bangladesh elects on national level a legislature with one house or chamber. The unicameral Jatiyo Sangshad, meaning national parliament, has 350 members of which 300 members are directly elected through a national election for a five-year term in single-seat constituencies while 50 memberships are reserved for the women who are selected by the ruling party or coalition. The Prime Minister is the head of the government. The president who is the head of the state is elected by the National Parliament. The president of Bangladesh is a ceremonial post and does not exercise any control over the running of the state.
General elections were held in Bangladesh on 1 October 2001. The 300 seats of the Jatiya Sangsad were contested by 1,935 candidates representing 54 parties and 484 independents. The elections were the second to be held under the caretaker government concept, introduced in 1996.
The history of Bangladesh (1971–present) refers to the period after the independence of Bangladesh from Pakistan.
Rashed Khan Menon is a Bangladeshi politician. He is the president of Workers Party of Bangladesh and a former Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Barisal-2, Dhaka-8 and Bakerganj-9 constituencies. He was the chairman of the Parliamentary Standing Committee of the Ministry of Education. Earlier, he served as the Minister for Civil Aviation and Tourism.
Muhammad Jamiruddin Sarkar is a Bangladeshi lawyer and politician who served as the acting President of Bangladesh in 2002. He served as the Speaker of the Parliament of Bangladesh. He is one of the founding members of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party and was a member of the standing committee, which was the policy making body of the party, from its inception.
Begum Khurshida Jahan Haq was the Minister of Women's and Children's Affairs of Bangladesh from 2001 to 2006, serving under her sister, Prime Minister Khaleda Zia. During her term in office, she worked to curb human trafficking of women and children in Bangladesh, as well as to provide programs and services to rehabilitate former victims of human trafficking.
Monnujan Sufian is a Bangladesh Awami League politician and a former Jatiya Sangsad member from Women's Reserved Seat-41 and from Khulna-3 constituencies. She is a former State Minister of Labour and Employment.
Raihan Akhter Banu was a member of parliament of Bangladesh and a leader of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP). She started her political career as a student leader of the then East Pakistan Student League that is currently known as Bangladesh Chhatra League. As an organiser, she actively took part in the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. She was elected as a member of parliament of Bangladesh in the 8th Parliament on the nomination of Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP). She falls in the list of both 20th-century women politicians and 21st-century women politicians, as she started her politics in 1969 and became an MP in 2004.
Merina Rahman is a Bangladeshi Jatiya Party politician and a former Jatiya Sangsad member from a reserved women's seat. She is the sister of former president of Bangladesh, Hussain Mohammad Ershad.
Ma Mya Ching is a Bangladeshi politician from Bandarban belonging to Bangladesh Nationalist Party. She is a former member of the Jatiya Sangsad.
Shammi Akter is a Bangladesh Nationalist Party politician and a former member of the Bangladesh Parliament from a reserved seat.
Helen Jerin Khan is a former member of the Bangladesh Parliament, a Bangladesh Nationalist Party politician, and currently the senior joint secretary of Bangladesh Jatiotabadi Mohila Dal.
Sultana Ahmed is a Bangladesh Nationalist Party politician and a former member of the Bangladesh Parliament from a reserved seat.
Raushan Elahi is a Bangladesh Nationalist Party politician and a member of the Bangladesh Parliament from a reserved seat.
Asiya Rahman is a Bangladesh Nationalist Party politician and a Member of Parliament from reserved seat.She died on 18 July 2024.
References
- ↑ "Constituency 339". Bangladesh Parliament. 26 April 2019. Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
- ↑ প্রিয়.কম | ইন্টারনেট লাইফ. priyo.com (in Bengali). 17 April 2018. Archived from the original on 17 April 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
- ↑ "45 woman MPs elected". The Daily Star. 20 March 2009. Retrieved 2 April 2020.