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The medieval runes, or the futhork, was a Scandinavian runic alphabet that evolved from the Younger Futhark after the introduction of stung runes at the end of the Viking Age. These stung runes were regular runes with the addition of either a dot diacritic or bar diacritic to indicate that the rune stood for one of its secondary sounds. The medieval futhork was fully formed in the early 13th century. Due to the expansion of its character inventory, it was essentially possible to have each character in an inscription correspond to only one phoneme, something which was virtually impossible in Younger Futhark with its small inventory of 16 runes.
Western culture, also known as Western civilization, Occidental culture, or Western society, is the heritage of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems, artifacts and technologies of the Western world. Western values become the symbols of dominant mentality for the culture of Western societies that transcended through power and authority. The term also applies beyond Europe to countries and cultures whose histories are strongly connected to Europe by immigration, colonization or influence. For example, Western culture includes countries in the Americas and Oceania. Western culture is most strongly influenced by Greek philosophy, Roman law, and Christian culture.
European science in the Middle Ages comprised the study of nature, mathematics and natural philosophy in medieval Europe. Following the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the decline in knowledge of Greek, Christian Western Europe was cut off from an important source of ancient learning. Although a range of Christian clerics and scholars from Isidore and Bede to Jean Buridan and Nicole Oresme maintained the spirit of rational inquiry, Western Europe would see a period of scientific decline during the Early Middle Ages. However, by the time of the High Middle Ages, the region had rallied and was on its way to once more taking the lead in scientific discovery. Scholarship and scientific discoveries of the Late Middle Ages laid the groundwork for the Scientific Revolution of the Early Modern Period.
Throughout the history of Vietnam, many names were used in reference to Vietnam.
References
- ↑ International Law – Terms and Phrases
- 1 2 Tuori, Kaarlo (2016). Ratio and Voluntas: The Tension Between Reason and Will in Law. Oxon: Routledge. p. 61. ISBN 9781409420132.
- ↑ Nguyen, Nam H. (2018-03-18). Essential 25000 English-Norwegian Law Dictionary (in Norwegian). Nam H Nguyen.
- ↑ "Ratio scripta n. : Guide to Latin in International Law". ISBN 9780195369380.
- 1 2 Moréteau, Olivier; Masferrer, Aniceto; Modéer, Kjell A. (2019). Comparative Legal History. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 228. ISBN 9781781955215.
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