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The President of Kyrgyzstan is the head of state and the highest official of the Kyrgyz Republic. The president, according to the constitution, "is the symbol of the unity of people and state power, and is the guarantor of the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic, and of an individual and citizen." The president is directly elected for no more than one six-year term by the Kyrgyz electorate. The office of president was established in 1990 replacing the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet that existed, in different forms, from 1927 whilst the country was known as the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic.
Roza Isakovna Otunbayeva is a Kyrgyz diplomat and politician who served as the President of Kyrgyzstan from 7 April 2010 until 1 December 2011, becoming the first female Central Asian Head of State. She was sworn in on July 3, 2010, after acting as interim leader following the 2010 April revolution which led to the ousting of President Kurmanbek Bakiyev. She previously served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and as head of the parliamentary caucus for the Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan.
The Supreme Council is the unicameral Parliament of the Kyrgyz Republic. It was known as the Supreme Soviet of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic until 1991.
Edil Baisalov is a Kyrgyz politician, civil society activist who currently serves as the Kyrgyz Republic's Ambassador to the Court of St James's. He played prominent role in the Tulip Revolution of 2005 and following the 2010 Kyrgyzstani uprising on April 7, 2010 briefly served as Chief of Staff of the interim government led by Roza Otunbayeva. In 1999-2007 Baisalov led the 'Coalition for Civil Society and Democracy', the largest Kyrgyz advocacy and election monitoring network.
The Constitution of Kyrgyzstan is the supreme law of the Kyrgyz Republic. The constitution in force until 2010 was passed by referendum on 21 October 2007 and it is based on the first post-Soviet constitution originally adopted on 5 May 1993, a year and a half after the country had gained independence from the Soviet Union. The 1993 constitution had been amended several times: first on 10 February 1996, then on 2 February 2003, and finally twice in quick succession on 9 November 2006 and 15 January 2007 after the Tulip Revolution of March 2005. The last two amendments were adopted under pressure from protracted public protests in the capital Bishkek, but they were annulled in September 2007 by the Constitutional Court, which restored the 2003 constitution and paved the way for another constitutional referendum in October 2007. The description that follows is based on the text of the October 2007 constitution.
Igor Vitalyevich Chudinov is a former Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan. He was appointed to that position on December 24, 2007, following the resignation of Iskenderbek Aidaraliyev. Prior to his appointment, he was an energy and industry minister in the Kyrgyz government.
Early parliamentary elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 10 October 2010. All 120 seats of the Supreme Council were elected by the party list system. Seats were allocated to all parties who obtained more than 5% of the vote and more than 0.5% in each of the nine provinces, capped at 65 seats per party.
Roman Shin is a deputy in the Jogorku Kenesh, the parliament of Kyrgyzstan, and a member of the Ata-Zhurt party. He is member of the minority Korean ethnic group. Roman Shin has been a Member of Parliament since 2005. Since his reelection to the Jogorku Kenesh in 2010, he sits as a member of Ata-Zhurt (Fatherland) in that body.
Aida Salyanova is a deputy of the Jogorku Kenesh, Prosecutor General of Kyrgyzstan (2011-2015), Minister of Justice (2010), and State Counselor of Justice Class 3. She is married and has a son and two daughters.
Cholpon Aalievna Sultanbekova is a Kyrgyz politician and ex-member of the Supreme Council who is currently one of the country's Deputy Prime Ministers.
Myktybek Yusupovich Abdyldayev is a Kyrgyz politician, and current member of the Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan as deputy for the Bir Bol party.
Salaydin Abdirayevich Aydarov is a Kyrgyz politician and ex-civil servant, and current member of the Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan.
Osmonbek Mambetzhanovich Arytkbayev is a Kyrgyz politician, and current member of the Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan.
Toktayum Umetalieva is a Kyrgyzstani physicist, political coordinator and activist. She was the only female candidate for the 2005 and 2009 Kyrgyzstani presidential elections.
Anvar Artykovich Artykov is a Kyrgyz politician, and current member of the Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan. Artykov served as governor of Osh Region between March and December 2005, and was previously a deputy between 1990 and 2000.
Aidar Askarevich Akayev was a Kyrgyz businessman and public figure. He was the son of former President of Kyrgyzstan Askar Akayev and the first husband of Aliya Nazarbayeva, the youngest daughter of former Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev.
Colonel General Abdygul Abdrashitovich Chotbaev is a retired Kyrgyzstani General and politician who served as the 1st Commander of the National Guard of Kyrgyzstan.
The Security Council of Kyrgyzstan is an political/constitutional body in the Office of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic. Its tasks are to consider internal and external threats to Kyrgyzstan and maintaining its security and defense. Being a purely advisory body, it aides the President in developing his/her decisions related to the Armed Forces of Kyrgyzstan and other law enforcement bodies. The current Secretary of the Security Council is vacant after President and Chairman of the Security Council Sooronbai Jeenbekov sacked Damir Sagynbayev on 10 October 2020 while its current Deputy Secretary has been Zhanybek Kaparov since 10 October 2020 after the sacking of Omurbek Suvanaliyev. Notable Secretaries of the Security Council include Almazbek Kurmanaliev, Tokon Mamytov, and Zhenish Razakov. The security council was renamed in 2010 to the defense council and was reverted to its former name in March 2017.
Parliamentary elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 4 October 2020. The results showed that pro-government parties had won a supermajority of seats. The election was subsequently annulled by the Central Election Commission during the 2020 Kyrgyzstan protests.
Snap parliamentary elections are scheduled to be held in Kyrgyzstan by June 2021. They follow the annulment of the results of the October 2020 elections and the subsequent protests.
References
- ↑ Minority Representation Paltry in Kyrgyzstan’s New Parliament, EurasiaNet.org, 2010-11-30. Accessed 2011-04-11.
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