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Raymundo Gleyzer (September 25, 1941 - missing since May 27, 1976) was an Argentine screenwriter and filmmaker. He specialized in documentaries and politically charged fiction films. Gleyzer was part of the left-wing faction of the Peronist political movement, and a staunch opponent of Argentina's last military dictatorship (1976-1983). In 1976 he was kidnapped, likely murdered and disappeared as part of the dictatorship's campaign of State-sponsored terrorism.
Born into an Argentine Jewish family in Buenos Aires, Gleyzer became interested in politics and film early on in his life. From the start of his career he designed all of his films to be centered on the fight against social injustice and for political revolution in Latin America's countries.
He made his first film in the backward northeast of Brazil, where he barely escaped imminent death at the hands of the military dictatorship ruling there. In the early 1970s he made a film in Mexico about the so-called "institutionalized revolution" of the ruling party, the Institutional Revolutionary Party. The film was banned in Argentina at first, but found a lively echo in Mexico among the students. In 1973 he co-founded the Cine de la Base group, which organized demonstrations and discussions with workers (i.e. outside the cinema industry).
His last major film, Los traidores (The Traitors, 1973), presents a strong critique of the right-wing faction which prevailed in the Peronist political movement at the time and which also played a pivotal role in Juan Domingo Peron's third and last presidential term, in 1973. The film depicts how several union leaders had secretly and slowly aligned themselves —many years before Perón's comeback and inauguration for his third presidency— with the economical establishment, the military and United States's interests with the only goal of maintaining their personal power and enrich themselves.
On May 27, 1976, Gleyzer was abducted and tortured by a death squad of the Argentina's last military dictatorship that had come to power two months earlier, and never seen again. He is thus one of thousands of desaparecidos (disappeared) of the dictatorship, most of which were secretly murdered. Brazilian cartoonist Carlos Latuff created a cartoon dedicated to Gleyzer and the violently "disappeared" people of Latin America.
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Montoneros was a militant Argentine left-wing Peronist guerrilla organization. The name is an allusion to the 19th-century cavalry militias called Montoneras, who fought for the Federalist Party during the Argentine Civil Wars.
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The Grupo Cine Liberación was an Argentine film movement that took place during the end of the 1960s. It was founded by Fernando Solanas, Octavio Getino and Gerardo Vallejo. The idea of the group was to give rise to historical, testimonial and film-act cinema, to contribute to the debate and offer an open space for dialogue and freedom of expression that was illegal at that time. With strong anti-imperialist ideas, he harshly criticized Peronism and neocolonialism. In the subsequent years other films directors revolved around the active core of the Cine Liberación group.
The Hour of the Furnaces is a 1968 Argentine film directed by Octavio Getino and Fernando Solanas. 'The paradigm of revolutionary activist cinema', it addresses the politics of the 'Third worldist' films and Latin-American manifesto of the late 1960s. It is a key part of the 'Third Cinema', a movement that emerged in Latin America around the same time as the film's release. The work is a four-hour trilogy, divided into chapters and united by the theme of dependency and liberation. The first part - "Neo-Colonialism and Violence" - is conceived for diffusion in all types of circuits, and is the one presented at Cannes Classics.
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In Argentina, there were six coups d'état during the 20th century: in 1930, 1943, 1955, 1962, 1966 and 1976. The first four established interim dictatorships, while the last two established dictatorships of permanent type on the model of a bureaucratic-authoritarian state. The latter conducted a Dirty War in the line of State terrorism, in which human rights were systematically violated and there were tens of thousands of forced disappearances.
Evita, the life and work of Eva Perón is an Argentine historical comic book by Héctor Germán Oesterheld and Alberto Breccia, which centers on the life of Eva Perón. It was censored at the time of its creation and was published only after Oesterheld's death.
Néstor Kirchner was an Argentine politician who served as the 54th President of Argentina from 25 May 2003 until 10 December 2007. He was born in Río Gallegos, and moved to La Plata to attend university. As a student, he was very politically active, but left the city and returned to the Patagonia at the start of the Dirty War.
