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Rehabilitation Through the Arts (RTA) is a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt non-profit organization [1] founded by Katherine Vockins in 1996 in Sing Sing Correctional Facility in Ossining, New York. RTA brings art workshops in theatre, music, dance, visual arts, writing and poetry behind the walls to over 230 incarcerated individuals [2] and operates in ten maximum and medium security New York State prisons: Sing Sing, Bedford Hills, Woodbourne, Green Haven, Greene, Fishkill, Otisville, and Taconic.
RTA began at Sing Sing when Katherine Vockins, RTA's founder, met with a group of men who wanted help writing and presenting a play. One year later, the theatre group performed an original piece for the prison population. The play was about their own lives—drugs, gangs, crime and bad decisions—but also about the possibility of change and redemption. In time, participants, observing changes in their own attitudes and behavior, changed the organization’s name to Rehabilitation Through the Arts.
In 2003, Sing Sing closed its medium security section and men who were transferred lobbied the Department of Corrections to establish RTA at their new facilities. In 2008, RTA began working at Bedford Hills, New York State’s only maximum-security prison for women, and in 2020 RTA established its program at Taconic Correctional Facility, a medium-security women's prison where many Bedford Hills residents are transferred as they near release. Many RTA alumni seek to continue their creative journey and maintain the community they found so meaningful inside.
Rehabilitation Through the Arts’s theatre program at Sing Sing Correctional Facility has been dramatized in the independent narrative film Sing Sing , which premiered at the Toronto Film Festival in September 2023. [3] Produced by Greg Kwedar, Sing Sing stars Colman Domingo and previous RTA participants, including co-star Clarence Maclin, and RTA Founder Katherine Vockins in a cameo.
RTA works with professional teaching artists to lead year-round workshops in theatre, dance, music, creative writing, and visual arts. The RTA model provides an intensive, comprehensive arts program to help the participants develop self-expression and the ability to communicate, collaborate, solve problems, and set goals.
40% of people who enter the NYS prison system do not have a high school or equivalency diploma. RTA has no academic or good behavior requirements to participate, with a focus on the life skills learned through the arts within a safe community: communication skills, problem-solving, collaboration, goal-setting, discipline and much more.
Participants can remain in the program as long as they are in a facility where RTA operates. Many participants stay in the program for years, forming a close community and a safe space where they are mutually respectful and accountable.
RTA is self-governed by steering committees made up only of incarcerated participants. Steering committees liaise between the facility and RTA staff and make decisions about workshops and material to perform.
RTA's transitional reentry program, "Reimagining Myself" is an approach to reentry that explores the social and emotional challenges an incarcerated individual is likely to face when released. The program includes narrative and interview films, a 20-session workshop with an arts-based curriculum, participant workbook, facilitator guide and facilitator training. The program was launched in New York State prisons in 2023 and is being marketed to departments of corrections and reentry agencies nationwide.
Two research studies demonstrate the positive effects of RTA's program. John Jay College of Criminal Justice's 2003 study with the NYS Department of Correctional Services showed that RTA participants had fewer infractions than a control group. [4] A 2010 study conducted by SUNY Purchase and the NYS Department of Correctional Services concluded that RTA participants complete the GED earlier in their incarceration, more RTA participants complete educational programs beyond the GED, and that after joining RTA, participants spent an almost three-fold increase in time enrolled in post-GED courses than those who did not participate. [5]
Compared to the average national recidivism rate of over 60%, that of RTA participants is less than 3%. [6] [ original research? ]
E. Annette Nash Govan (Board Chair); Mikki Shaw (Vice Chair); Jermaine Archer; Sheryl Baker (Secretary); Lawrence Bartley; Michael Capra; Allison Chernow; Gabe Cruz; Tanya Diaz-Goldsmith; Kenneth Fields (Treasurer); Sean Dino Johnson; Suzanne Kessler; Que Newbill; Lauren Price; Karin Young Shiel.
RTA is funded through the New York State Council on the Arts with the support of Governor Kathy Hochul and the New York State Legislature, the National Endowment for the Arts, the Mellon Foundation, the Tow Foundation, Art for Justice Fund (a project of the Ford Foundation in partnership with Rockefeller Philanthropy Advisors), ArtsWestchester, Humanities NY, Hyde and Watson Foundation, Sills Family Foundation, Tikkun Olam Foundation, Robert & Mercedes Eichholz Foundation, Howard Gilman Foundation, the New York State Department of Corrections & Community Supervision and many individual donors.
Bedford Hills Correctional Facility for Women, a women's prison in the town of Bedford, New York, is the only maximum security New York State women's prison. The prison previously opened under the name Westfield State Farm in 1901. It lies just outside the hamlet and census-designated place Bedford Hills, New York.
Prison Fellowship is the world's largest Christian nonprofit organization for prisoners, former prisoners, and their families, and a leading advocate for justice reform.
Sing Sing Correctional Facility is a maximum-security prison operated by the New York State Department of Corrections and Community Supervision in the village of Ossining, New York, United States. It is about 30 miles (48 km) north of Midtown Manhattan on the east bank of the Hudson River. It holds about 1,700 inmates and housed the execution chamber for the State of New York until the abolition of capital punishment in New York in 2007.
Recidivism is the act of a person repeating an undesirable behavior after they have experienced negative consequences of that behavior, or have been trained to extinguish it. Recidivism is also used to refer to the percentage of former prisoners who are rearrested for a similar offense.
Sullivan Correctional Facility was a New York State maximum security prison correctional facility for male prisoners located in Fallsburg, New York. It is operated by the New York State Department of Corrections and Community Supervision. New York State announced its official closure date as November 6, 2024, with the inmates currently housed to be transferred to other facilities within New York State by that time.
Taconic Correctional Facility is a medium/minimum security women's prison in Bedford, New York operated by the New York State DOCCS.
Albion Correctional Facility is a medium security women's prison in Town of Albion, Orleans County, New York, United States, that is operated by the New York State Department of Correctional Services. The site was founded in 1894 as the Western House of Refuge for Women, then later the Albion State Training School. The prison is just outside the village of Albion.
Lakeview Shock Incarceration Correctional Facility is a minimum security shock incarceration prison in New York in the United States. The prison is located in the Village of Brocton, in Chautauqua County, New York. The facility provides special treatment for non-violent offenders.
Fishkill Correctional Facility is a multi-security level prison in New York, United States. The prison is located in both the Town of Fishkill and the City of Beacon in Dutchess County. Fishkill was constructed in 1896. It began as the Matteawan State Hospital for the Criminally Insane.
The New York State Department of Corrections and Community Supervision (NYSDOCCS) is the department of the New York State government that administers the state prison and parole system, including 44 prisons funded by the state government.
A prison nursery is a section of a prison that houses incarcerated mothers and their very young children. Prison nurseries are not common in correctional facilities in the United States, although prior to the 1950s many states had them and they are widespread throughout the rest of the world.
Ironwood State Prison (ISP) is a state prison located south of Interstate 10, in a detached section of Blythe, California, that lies west of the main portion of the city. It is located in eastern Riverside County, California, adjacent to Chuckawalla Valley State Prison.
Libraries are provided in many prisons. Reading materials are provided in almost all federal and state correctional facilities in the United States. Libraries in federal prisons are controlled by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, U.S. Department of Justice. State prison libraries are controlled by each state's own department of corrections. Many local jails also provide library services through partnerships with local public libraries and community organizations. These resources may be limited, mostly provided through government sources.
Turn 2 U Inc. dba The Last Mile (TLM) is an Oakland, CA based 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization whose mission is to provide opportunities for personal and professional growth for justice-impacted individuals through education and technology training. The Last Mile is celebrating more than a decade as an organization, originating with its first program in San Quentin State Prison with the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. TLM has leveraged the power of public-private partnerships with Department of corrections and industry-leading companies to build and expand its programs. Programs are currently operating in 16 facilities across 7 states in the United States, including California, Indiana, Oklahoma, Michigan, North Dakota, Montana and Massachusetts. TLM has been able to expand its purpose, "To Imagine, Build, and Open Doors," into other facilities through these partnerships as well as funding and employment opportunities from the technology sector. Through in-prison education, transitional support, and workforce reentry, TLM is disrupting the system of mass incarceration across the United States. In-classroom curricula and course material prepare students for meaningful employment in modern job roles including web development, software engineering, and audio and video production. Students cultivate personal and professional development in alignment with the technical education and with the support of TLM reentry staff, volunteers, and a community founded on shared lived experience.
Relationships of incarcerated individuals are the familial and romantic relations of individuals in prisons or jails. Although the population of incarcerated men and women is considered quite high in many countries, there is relatively little research on the effects of incarceration on the inmates' social worlds. However, it has been demonstrated that inmate relationships play a significant role in their well-being both during and after incarceration, making such research important in improving their overall health, and lowering rates of recidivism.
Prisoner reentry is the process by which prisoners who have been released return to the community. Many types of programs have been implemented with the goal of reducing recidivism and have been found to be effective for this purpose. Consideration for the conditions of the communities formerly incarcerated individuals are re-entering, which are often disadvantaged, is a fundamental part of successful re-entry.
Osborne Association is a non-governmental, multi-service, criminal justice reform, and direct service organization. Osborne runs programs for people who have been in conflict with the law and their families. It operates from community offices in Brooklyn, The Bronx, Buffalo, Manhattan, and Newburgh, New York, White Plains, New York, Troy, New York and inside more than forty New York State prisons and jails. They work with the families and communities of incarcerated individuals to try and redress harm done by the criminal justice system, whilst also working to reform the system by challenging racist policies and retributive justice.
Incarceration in California spans federal, state, county, and city governance, with approximately 200,000 people in confinement at any given time. An additional 55,000 people are on parole.
Prison-to-college programs exist around the world, providing opportunities for higher education to current and formerly incarcerated individuals in efforts to increase employment opportunities and reduce post-release recidivism rates. In the United States, programs have expanded in prisons, jails, and juvenile detention centers across the country amid calls for criminal justice reform and improving outcomes for justice-involved individuals. Integral to studies of prison-to-college programs are historical context, geographical location, program model comparisons. Equally important are implications of inequitable political, legislative, and social structures that potentially impact the long-term effectiveness of prison education programs.