Rexhep Voka | |
---|---|
Born | 1847 Şipkovica, Kalkandelen, Ottoman Empire |
Died | 1917 (aged 70) |
Academic background | |
Academic work | |
Era | Albanian National Awakening |
Nuredin Rexhep Voka (1847 - 1917) was an Albanian alim,mufti,writer and a prominent activist of the Albanian National Awakening.
Rexhep Voka was born in 1847 in the village of Şipkovica,Tetovo. [1] In 1868,Voka undertook religious studies in Istanbul where he worked as a professor after completing his education. Voka returned to Kalkandelen in 1895 where he became involved in the Albanian National Renaissance. In 1903,Voka was appointed Mufti of the Manastir Vilayet [2] and founded the first Albanian theological college in Üsküb (today Skopje). [3] In Monastir,before the Young Turk revolution,Voka started learning Albanian in Latin characters from Albanian Protestant missionaries. [2] In 1905,Voka attended the Pan-Albanian Congress organized in Bucharest. Headed by Albert Ghica,attended by Ismail Qemali and deliberated with Bucharest's Albanian community,the congress discussed the Albanian issue.
Rexhep Voka was a member of Bashkimi (Unity) at the time of the Young Turk revolution. [4] He printed an Albanian alphabet in Arabic script comprising forty-four letters,called Elifbaja shqip. [4] Tiranli Fazli then used this script to publish a thirty-two page grammar. Only one Albanian newspaper at the time ever appeared in Arabic script,and it lasted a brief period. Regardless of what script appeared,such material raised Albanian national consciousness. [4]
Ismail Qemali was an Albanian diplomat,politician,rilindas,statesman and the Founding Father of modern Albania. The principal author of the Declaration of Independence,he subsequently served as the first Prime and Foreign Minister of Albania during the period from 1912 to 1914.
The Albanian alphabet is a variant of the Latin alphabet used to write the Albanian language. It consists of 36 letters:
Naim Bey Frashëri,more commonly Naim Frashëri,was an Albanian patriot,historian,journalist,poet,rilindas and translator who was proclaimed national poet of Albania. He is regarded as the pioneer of modern Albanian literature and one of the most influential Albanian cultural icons of the 19th century.
Luigj Gurakuqi was an Albanian writer and politician. He was an important figure of the Albanian National Awakening and was honoured with the People's Hero of Albania medal.
Sami bey Frashëri was an Ottoman Albanian writer,philosopher,playwright and a prominent figure of the Rilindja Kombëtare,the National Renaissance movement of Albania,together with his two brothers Abdyl and Naim. He also supported Turkish nationalism against its Ottoman counterpart,along with secularism against theocracy.
Idhomen Jovan Kosturi,also known as Idhomeno Kosturi,was an Albanian politician,regent and once acting Prime Minister of Albania. He would become the second representative of Albanian Orthodox population to become head of the Albanian government,after Pandeli Evangjeli. Kosturi was also among the contributors to the first Albanian teachers' school,the Shkolla Normale e Elbasanit,a teacher training institution that was founded on 1 December 1909 in Elbasan.
Dervish Hima (1872–1928),born Ibrahim Mehmet Naxhi,was a 19th-century Albanian politician and one of the delegates who participated at the Albanian Declaration of Independence. A publisher,he travelled from country to country,promoting Albania with articles and pamphlets.
Mufid bej Libohova was an Albanian economist,diplomat and politician and one of the delegates at the Assembly of Vlorëwhere the Albanian Declaration of Independence took place. He served as the first Minister of Interior of Albania,during the Provisional Government of Albania and since then has held different government positions on nine occasions between 1913–1927,holding the positions of Justice Minister,Minister of the Interior,Minister of Finances,and Minister of Culture.
Mihal Grameno was an Albanian nationalist,politician,writer,freedom fighter,and journalist. He was one of the four initial appointed delegates from Korçëto the Albanian National Congress that proclaimed the Independence of Albania on 28 November 1912.
Mehmed Ferid Pasha was an Ottoman statesman. He served as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 15 January 1903 until 22 July 1908,at the time when the Sultan restored the 1876 Constitution following the Young Turk Revolution. Other than Ottoman Turkish he spoke the Albanian,Arabic,French,Italian,and Greek languages.
The Congress of Dibër was a congress held by members of Albanian committee in Debar from July 23 to July 29,1909. The congress was chaired by Vehbi Dibra,Grand Mufti of the Sanjak of Dibra and was sponsored by the government of the Young Turks. It was held on the first anniversary of the Young Turk Revolution and was a countermeasure on the Latin script based Albanian alphabet which came out of the Congress of Manastir.
Shoqnia e Bashkimit tëGjuhës Shqipe,usually known as the Shoqnia Bashkimi,or simply Bashkimi i Shkodrës was a literary society founded in Shkodra,Ottoman Empire in 1899. The Bashkimi society was the union of three previously independent societies:Shpresa,Drita and Dituria. Drita,a journal was the official publication of the Bashkimi Society.
The Second Congress of Manastir was an Albanian congress held on 2–3 April 1910 in Manastir,back then Ottoman Empire,today's Bitola in the Republic of Macedonia. It dealt with the challenges that the Albanian language and schools faced at the time within the context of the empire,and the platform to overcome them.
The Congress of Elbasan,also known between Albanians as the Congress of the Albanian schools,was held from 2 to 8 September 1909 in Elbasan,today's Albania,back then part of the Vilayet of Monastir of the Ottoman Empire. The congress,sponsored by the local Bashkimi literary club,was attended by 35 delegates from central and southern Albania.
The Elifba alphabet was the main writing system for the Albanian language during the time of the Ottoman Empire from 14th century to 1911. This Albanian variant of the Abjad Ottoman was used to write the Albanian language. The last version of the Elifbaja shqip was invented by the rilindas,Rexhep Voka (1847-1917).
Rexhep Pasha Mati was an Ottoman-Albanian Marshal,governor and war minister.
Jashar Sadik Erebara (1873-1953) was a figure involved in the Albanian National Awakening.
Said Najdeni,also known as Hoxha Voka,was an Albanian imam and activist in the Albanian National Awakening.
Sheh Ibrahim Haki Karbunara was a shaikh of the Khalwati tariqa,the Mufti of Lushnjë,and a figure in the Albanian National Awakening. He supported Ismail Qemali’s Albanian Declaration of Independence,attended the Congress of Lushnjë,and assisted the June Revolution of 1924.