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The abacus, also called a counting frame, is a calculating tool which has been used since ancient times. It was used in the ancient Near East, Europe, China, and Russia, centuries before the adoption of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system. The exact origin of the abacus has not yet emerged. It consists of rows of movable beads, or similar objects, strung on a wire. They represent digits. One of the two numbers is set up, and the beads are manipulated to perform an operation such as addition, or even a square or cubic root.
The slide rule is a mechanical analog computer, which is used primarily for multiplication and division, and for functions such as exponents, roots, logarithms, and trigonometry. It is not typically designed for addition or subtraction, which is usually performed using other methods. Maximum accuracy for standard linear slide rules is about three decimal significant digits, while scientific notation is used to keep track of the order of magnitude of results.
Human calculator is a term to describe a person with a prodigious ability in some area of mental calculation.
The Mental Calculation World Cup is an international competition for mental calculators, held every two years in Germany.
George Lane is a British mental calculator and author. He is a five-time gold medalist in the Mental Calculations event at the annual Mind Sports Olympiad, and is one of only five Grandmasters of Mental Calculation, as recognised by the Mind Sports Organisation. George is a regular facilitator at the annual Junior Mental Calculation World Championship. He has written two books.
Ben Pridmore is a former world memory champion, memory sport competitor and accountant.
The World Memory Championships is an organized competition of memory sports in which competitors memorize as much information as possible within a given period of time. The championship has taken place annually since 1991, with the exception of 1992. It was originated by Tony Buzan and co founded by Tony Buzan and Ray Keene. It continues to be organized by the World Memory Sports Council (WMSC), which was jointly founded by Tony Buzan and Ray Keene. In 2016, due to a dispute between some players and the WMSC, the International Association of Memory (IAM) was launched. From 2017 onward, both organizations have hosted their own world championships.
Arthur T. Benjamin is an American mathematician who specializes in combinatorics. Since 1989 he has been a professor of mathematics at Harvey Mudd College, where he is the Smallwood Family Professor of Mathematics.
Willem Klein, also known as Wim Klein or under his stage names Pascal and Willy Wortel, was a Dutch mathematician of Jewish ancestry, famous for being able to carry out very complicated calculations in his head very fast. On 27 August 1976, he calculated the 73rd root of a 500-digit number in 2 minutes and 43 seconds. This feat was recorded by the Guinness Book of Records.
Alexis Lemaire is a mental calculation world record holder. He holds a Ph.D. in Computer Science related to artificial intelligence from the University of Reims. He is also the owner of world records for mentally calculating the 13th root of 100-digit numbers and 200-digit numbers.
Jan van Koningsveld is a mental calculator. He is the champion of Extracting Square Roots of 2004 and 2008 as well as the champion of Calendar Calculation of 2008 at the Mental Calculation World Cups. In addition, he finished second in the overall rankings of 2004, 2006 and 2008.
Gert Mittring is a German mental calculator. He was inspired by the late Wim Klein. He has competed in the MSO mental calculation event every year since 2004, failing to win the gold medal outright on only four occasions. He has held numerous world records for mental calculation, such as calculating the 89247th root of a 1000000 digit number. He has doctorates in statistics and mathematics education, and is a member of the Intelligence Research Committee of Intertel. Mittring is said to have been poor in math during his school years. He has written several books on mental calculation.
Alberto Coto García is a mental calculator and was the world champion in mental calculation from 2008 to 2010.
Willis Nelson Dysart was an American mental calculator. His talent for arithmetic emerged at the age of three after his mother taught him to count. He quit school in the third grade and pursued a career as a lightning calculator.
Jorge Arturo Mendoza Huertas is a Peruvian mental calculator.
Yusnier Viera is a Cuban American mental calculator. He is well known as "The Human Calendar" for his world record on calendar dates. On October 31, 2005 he broke for first time the World Record for calendar calculations. At the Mental Calculation World Cup in 2010 he won the calendar category. He currently has three World Records for calendar calculations.
Scott Flansburg is an American dubbed "The Human Calculator" and listed in the Guinness Book of World Records for speed of mental calculation. He is the annual host and ambassador for The National Counting Bee, a math educator, and media personality. He has published the books Math Magic and Math Magic for Your Kids.
Dr Amit Garg is an Indian mathematician and mental calculator. He currently works as founder and Chief Scientist at ORMAE, a firm registered in USA, UAE & India which engages in building innovative products, consulting and training in Operations Research and Data Science.
Lee Jeonghee is a South Korean abacus master. She is the only known soroban abacus master to have reached the eleventh dan. She is also known as Abacus Master (주산왕) in South Korea.
Neelakantha Bhanu Prakash is a human calculator from India, and is titled as the "World's Fastest Human Calculator". BBC said "Neelakantha Bhanu Prakash is to math what Usain Bolt is to running". He won gold in the 2020 Mental Calculation World Championship at Mind Sports Olympiad 2020. He also holds 50 Limca records for his mathematical calculations.
References
- ↑ ": Brite ist bester Kopfrechner der Welt". www.handelsblatt.com.
- ↑ "Focus Magazin, 04.11.2006".
- ↑ "Robert Fountain Weltmeister im Kopfrechnen". 4 November 2006 – via Tagesspiegel.
- ↑ Brewster, Signe. "'Human calculator' Wim Klein advanced physics, inspired others". www.symmetrymagazine.org.
- ↑ Robert Fountain, Jan van Koningsveld (2013). The Mental Calculator's Handbook. ISBN 978-1-300-84665-9.
