Robert MacAndrew | |
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| Born | 22 March 1802 Wandsworth, London |
| Died | 22 May 1873 (aged 71) |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation(s) | Merchant, ship-owner |
| Known for | Natural history of molluscs |
Robert MacAndrew (born 22 March 1802 in Wandsworth, London, died 22 May 1873 in Isleworth, Middlesex) was a British merchant and ship-owner, marine dredger, Fellow of the Royal Society, naturalist and collector of shells. [1]
Robert MacAndrew was one of eight sons of the fruit and shipping merchant, William McAndrew, from the Scottish city of Elgin, who had opened offices in Liverpool and London around 1770. Shortly after leaving school and his father's death in 1819, MacAndrew joined his brother, William Peter, in his fruit importing business of William McAndrew & Sons in London and Liverpool. Later, Robert concentrated on ship-owning through the business McAndrew & Co in London, whilst his brother founded a Liverpool-based company with his business partner John Cunningham. [2] After the death of his brother, Robert relocated to Liverpool. There he married his cousin, Eliza, in 1829 and they had eleven children. [3]
In 1834, MacAndrew joined the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool, where he met other naturalists. During the early 1830s his interest in natural history, especially shells, and he began to amass a collection. His many business trips to Spain, Portugal and the Mediterranean led to his interest in the collection of shells from the sea shore, and MacAndrew subsequently undertook a series of research trips dredging for shells around the coast of Britain and Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Madeira, the Canary Islands, Norway and finally to the Red Sea at the Gulf of Suez. [3]
MacAndrew met Edward Forbes, one of the founders of deep-sea marine biology research and through Forbes, MacAndrew met other naturalists who were interested in dredging, who worked for the British Association for the Advancement of Science, including John Goodsir FRS (1814–1867), James Smith FRS ("of Jordanhill") (1782–1867), and the foremost conchologist of his day, John Gwyn Jeffreys FRS (1809–1885). [3]
He was elected Fellow of the Linnean Society of London on 6 April 1847. [4] He was elected fellow of the Royal Society on 2 June 1853. [4] From 1856 to 1857 he was President of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool. In 1858 MacAndrew was elected chairman of the newly formed General Dredging Committee, which he held for two years until he was replaced in 1861 by John Gwyn Jeffreys. In 1867, MacAndrew retired from his business interests. [5] In 1872, together with Arturo Issel (1842–1922), he was awarded the 'Prix Savigny' of the French Academy of Sciences for his work on Testaceous Mollusca of the Gulf of Suez. [4]
The bulk of the current mollusc collection at Cambridge University Museum of Zoology was collected by MacAndrew who donated it to Cambridge University along with his library in 1873. The MacAndrew Collection contains tens of thousands of specimens, the bulk of which were collected by MacAndrew on his many dredging expeditions. The museum mollusc collection is available as an online searchable database through the museum website. [6]
John Edward Gray was a British zoologist. He was the elder brother of zoologist George Robert Gray and son of the pharmacologist and botanist Samuel Frederick Gray (1766–1828). The standard author abbreviation J.E.Gray is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name. The same is used for a zoological name.
Edward Forbes FRS, FGS was a Manx naturalist. In 1846, he proposed that the distributions of montane plants and animals had been compressed downslope, and some oceanic islands connected to the mainland, during the recent ice age. This mechanism, which was the first natural explanation to explain the distributions of the same species on now-isolated islands and mountain tops, was discovered independently by Charles Darwin, who credited Forbes with the idea. He also incorrectly deduced the so-called azoic hypothesis, that life under the sea would decline to the point that no life forms could exist below a certain depth.
Sir Charles Wyville Thomson was a Scottish natural historian and marine zoologist. He served as the chief scientist on the Challenger expedition; his work there revolutionized oceanography and led to his being knighted.
William Thompson was an Irish naturalist celebrated for his founding studies of the natural history of Ireland, especially in ornithology and marine biology. Thompson published numerous notes on the distribution, breeding, eggs, habitat, song, plumage, behaviour, nesting and food of birds. These formed the basis of his four-volume The Natural History of Ireland, and were much used by contemporary and later authors such as Francis Orpen Morris.
Wilfred Hudleston Hudleston was an English geologist, ornithologist and paleontologist.
John Gwyn Jeffreys FRS was a British conchologist and malacologist.
Robert Ball was an Irish naturalist. He served as the Director of the Dublin University Museum, and developed a method of dredging known as "Ball's dredge." He served as a secretary to the Royal Zoological Society of Ireland for two decades and was responsible for popularizing natural history through public educational outreach.
Omalogyra is a genus of minute marine gastropod molluscs in the family Omalogyridae.
Joshua Alder was a British cheesemonger and amateur zoologist and malacologist. As such, he specialized in the Tunicata, and in gastropods.
Lophiotoma brevicaudata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turridae, the turrids.
Maculauger castigatus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Terebridae, the auger snails.
Colus jeffreysianus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Colidae, the true whelks and the like.
Skenea is a genus of small to minute sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Skeneidae.
Vexillum appelii is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Costellariidae, the ribbed miters.
Vexillum puerile is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Costellariidae, the ribbed miters.
Benthonella is a genus of minute sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Rissoidae.
Turbonilla amoena is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.
Thomas Graves was an officer of the Royal Navy and naturalist who worked extensively as a surveyor in the Mediterranean.
George Barlee was a British lawyer and conchologist.
Crenilabium exile is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Acteonidae.
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