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Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a sovereign state in Oceania that occupies the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia. Its capital, located along its southeastern coast, is Port Moresby. The western half of New Guinea forms the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua. It is the world's third largest island country with 462,840 km2 (178,700 sq mi).
The economy of Papua New Guinea is largely underdeveloped. It is dominated by the agricultural, forestry, and fishing sector and the minerals and energy extraction sector. The agricultural, forestry, and fishing sector accounts for most of the labour force of Papua New Guinea, while the minerals and energy extraction sector is responsible for most of the export earnings.
Port Moresby, also referred to as Pom City or simply Moresby, is the capital and largest city of Papua New Guinea and the largest city in the South Pacific outside of Australia and New Zealand. It is located on the shores of the Gulf of Papua, on the south-western coast of the Papuan Peninsula of the island of New Guinea. The city emerged as a trade centre in the second half of the 19th century. During World War II it was a prime objective for conquest by the Imperial Japanese forces during 1942–43 as a staging point and air base to cut off Australia from Southeast Asia and the Americas.
Kavieng is the capital of the Papua New Guinean province of New Ireland and the largest town on the island of the same name. The town is located at Balgai Bay, on the northern tip of the island. As of 2009, it had a population of 17,248.
Sir Mekere Morauta, KCMG is a Papua New Guinean economist and political figure. He was Prime Minister from 1999–2002. Mekere Morauta is also the most important opposition politician when not in office. His opposition against the O’Neill/Abel government was a major factor in the change of government. However this did not result in gaining office in the Marape government. He lost with 8 votes against 101 votes for James Marape in June 2019
The Ok Tedi Mine is an open-pit copper and gold mine in Papua New Guinea located near the headwaters of the Ok Tedi River, in the Star Mountains Rural LLG of the North Fly District of the Western Province of Papua New Guinea.
Papua New Guinea together with the West Papua region of Indonesia make up a major tropical wilderness area that still contains 5% of the original and untouched tropical high-biodiversity terrestrial ecosystems. PNG in itself contains over 5% of the world's biodiversity in less than 1% of the world's total land area. The flora of New Guinea is unique because it has two sources of origin. The Gondwana flora from the south and flora with Asian origin from the west, as a result New Guinea shares major family and genera with Australia and the East Asia, but is rich in local endemic species. The endemicity is a result of mountainous isolation, topographic and soil habitat heterogeneity, high forest disturbance rates and abundant aseasonal rainfall year-round. PNG boasts some 15-21,000 higher plants, 3,000 species of orchids, 800 species of coral, 600 species of fish, 250 species of mammals and 760 species of birds and 8 species of tree-kangaroos out of which 84 genera of animals are endemic. Ecosystems range from lowland forests to montane forests, alpine flora down to coastal areas which contains some of the most extensive pristine mangrove areas in the world. Much of this biodiversity has remained intact for thousands of years because the ruggedness of the terrain made the interior lands inaccessible; furthermore low population density and restrictions on the effectiveness of traditional tools, ensured that these biodiversity was never overexploited.
PNG Gas, or Papua New Guinea Gas, has been an exporter of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in Papua New Guinea since 2014. The LNG sector is important in the PNG's economy: the value of LNG exports in 2017 was estimated to be at US$3.6 billion while GDP was estimated to be at US$20.5 billion. On a global scale, PNG is a minor producer. In 2017, PNG acquired the 17th rank on the list of exporting countries; its exports covered 1.5% of the world's total exported LNG. There are four LNG projects in PNG; only the Hides Project is fully operational. An agreement was made between the PNG government and a consortium of companies to develop the second project: the "Elk/Antelope" field. These companies cooperate under the Papua-LNG project. The development of the third project, the "Pn’yang Gas Field", is in an advanced planning stage. The fourth LNG project in development is the "Western Gas" field. The benefits of LNG development for the country is a controversial issue. Government participation in the projects is controversial and has been a dominant theme in PNG politics in the past decade. It became a major issue in the events leading to the resignation of Peter O'Neill as prime minister.
Copra plantations in New Guinea have been cultivated since the late 19th century, originally by German colonialists. They were continued by Australian interests following World War II.
This article addresses various criticisms of Cargill Inc, a privately held "agribusiness" multinational giant" with operations in 70 countries, and its headquarters in Minneapolis, Minnesota in the United States. Cargill Inc, which has been owned by the Cargill family for 154 years, is the largest privately owned corporation in the United States, with an annual revenue of $113.5 billion in 2019.
Palm oil, produced from the oil palm, is a basic source of income for many farmers in South East Asia, Central and West Africa, and Central America. It is locally used as cooking oil, exported for use in much commercial food and personal care products and is converted into biofuel. It produces up to 10 times more oil per unit area than soybeans, rapeseed or sunflowers.
Coffee production in Papua New Guinea is the country's second largest agricultural export, after oil palm, and employs approximately 2.5 million people. It accounts for approximately 1% of world production, according to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).
Agriculture in Papua New Guinea has a more than 7,000 years old history. Currently around 85% of Papua New Guinea's population lives from semi-subsistence agriculture.
Deforestation in Papua New Guinea has been extensive in recent decades and is continuing at an estimated rate of 1.4% of tropical forest being lost annually. Deforestation in Papua New Guinea is mainly a result of illegal logging, which contributed to 70-90% of all timber exports, one of the highest rates in the world. Illegal logging is linked to corruption, environmental issues and human rights concerns.
Peter Charles Paire O'Neill, CMG is a Papua New Guinean politician who served as the seventh Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea between 2011–2019. A member of the People's National Congress, he served as a Member of Parliament between 2002 and 2011, including various Cabinet positions, before being elected as prime minister. Towards the end of his tenure, he avoided a vote of no confidence by resigning his position, and was succeeded by James Marape as prime minister.
Corruption is rife in Papua New Guinea (PNG). According to The Economist, “PNG's governments are notorious for corruption, and ever run the risk of turning the state into a fully-fledged kleptocracy”.
The Development Policy Centre (Devpolicy) is an aid and development policy think tank based at the Crawford School of Public Policy in the College of Asia and the Pacific at The Australian National University. Devpolicy undertakes independent research and promotes practical initiatives to improve the effectiveness of Australian aid, and to support the development of Papua New Guinea and the Pacific Islands.
The Papua New Guinea Greens Party or PNG Greens are a minor political party in Papua New Guinea. Founded in 2001, the party took part in the 2002, 2007 and 2012 general elections, without winning a seat. They are a member of the Global Greens and of the Asia Pacific Greens Federation.
Lady Winifred (Winnie) Tare Kamit is a Papua New Guinean lawyer. In the 2006 Birthday Honours she was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire for service to law, commerce and public administration.
Papua New Guinea is officially known as the Independent State of Papua New Guinea after gaining absolute independence from Australia on September 16, 1975. PNG is the largest country in the South Pacific region and comprises the eastern side of New Guinea including its islands. Crime in Papua New Guinea, both violent and non-violent have contributed to the developing country's crime rate being one of the highest in the world.
References
- 1 2 "Rosa Koian". The Pacific Community. Retrieved 2018-07-28.
- ↑ Koian, Rosa. "Women in patrilineal and matrilineal societies in Melanesia" (PDF). Retrieved 28 July 2018.
- ↑ "Rosa Koian-Resource Wars | Moana Nui Action Alliance". mnaa-ca.org. Retrieved 2018-07-28.
- ↑ Wilton, Jen. "Papua New Guinea: the new frontier for palm oil production : : Contributoria - people supporting journalism". www.contributoria.com. Retrieved 2018-07-28.
- ↑ "Scourge of leprosy, a disease of the poor, returns to PNG - Keith Jackson & Friends: PNG ATTITUDE". asopa.typepad.com. Retrieved 2018-07-28.
- ↑ "On Our Land Film: Press Kit". oaklandinstitute.org. Retrieved 2018-07-28.
- ↑ "Papua New Guinea: Logging giants dodge tax, social responsibilities". Green Left Weekly. 2016-09-06. Retrieved 2018-07-28.
- ↑ "Social and Economic Impact of Climate Change in Papua New Guinea, Rosa Koian. C42.1, 2012. - Melanesian Institute Shop". shop.mi.org.pg. Retrieved 2018-07-28.
- ↑ (https://www.informit.org/researchers/who-is-informit), Informit - RMIT Training PTY LTD (2012). "Social and economic impact of climate change in Papua New Guinea". Catalyst. 42 (1).