Hot-dip galvanization is a form of galvanization. It is the process of coating iron and steel with zinc, which alloys with the surface of the base metal when immersing the metal in a bath of molten zinc at a temperature of around 450 °C (842 °F). When exposed to the atmosphere, the pure zinc (Zn) reacts with oxygen (O2) to form zinc oxide (ZnO), which further reacts with carbon dioxide (CO2) to form zinc carbonate (ZnCO3), a usually dull grey, fairly strong material that protects the steel underneath from further corrosion in many circumstances. Galvanized steel is widely used in applications where corrosion resistance is needed without the cost of stainless steel, and is considered superior in terms of cost and life-cycle. It can be identified by the crystallization patterning on the surface (often called a "spangle").
Tinplate consists of sheets of steel coated with a thin layer of tin to impede rusting. Before the advent of cheap milled steel, the backing metal was wrought iron. While once more widely used, the primary use of tinplate now is the manufacture of tin cans.
Tinning is the process of thinly coating sheets of wrought iron or steel with tin, and the resulting product is known as tinplate. The term is also widely used for the different process of coating a metal with solder before soldering.
ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih is Ukraine's largest integrated steel company, founded in 1934 and located in Kryvyi Rih, in central Ukraine.
Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel was a steel manufacturer based in Wheeling, West Virginia.
Hyundai Steel Co., Ltd, or HSC is a steel making company headquartered in Incheon and Seoul, South Korea, and a member of the Hyundai Motor Group. It manufactures a wide variety of products ranging from H-beams, rail and reinforcing bars, to hot coil, cold-rolled steel, and stainless cold-rolled sheet.
Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN) lit. 'National Siderurgy Company' or 'National Steel Company' is the largest fully integrated steel producer in Brazil and one of the largest in Latin America in terms of crude steel production. Its main plant is located in the city of Volta Redonda, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Its current CEO is Benjamin Steinbruch.
Koninklijke Hoogovens known as Koninklijke Nederlandse Hoogovens en Staalfabrieken (KNHS) until 1996 or informally Hoogovens. was a Dutch steel producer founded in 1918. Since 2010, the plant is named Tata Steel IJmuiden.
Kaiser Steel was a steel company and integrated steel mill near Fontana, California. Industrialist Henry J. Kaiser founded the company on December 1, 1941, and workers fired up the plant's first blast furnace, named "Bess No. 1" after Kaiser's wife, on December 30, 1942. Then in August 1943, the plant would produce its first steel plate for the Pacific Coast shipbuilding industry amid World War II.
Mobarakeh Steel Company is a private Iranian steel company, located 65 km south west of Esfahan, near the city of Mobarakeh, Esfahan Province, Iran. It is the largest steel maker of MENA region, and one of the largest industrial complexes operating in Iran. It was commissioned after the Iranian Revolution in 1979 and initiated operations during 1993. It underwent major revamping during year 2000, and is scheduled for a second and third revamping in 2009–2010, bringing the total steel output to 7,200,000 metric tons per year. The company owns the successful football club, Sepahan. In 2022, a parliamentary report indicated corruption of $3 billion, leading to the company being suspended from the Tehran stock exchange.
Galvannealed or galvanneal is the result from the processes of galvanizing followed by annealing of sheet steel.
McLouth Steel is a former integrated steel company. The company was once the ninth-largest steelmaker in the United States.
Steel Dynamics, Inc., sometimes abbreviated as "SDI", is an American steel producer based in Fort Wayne, Indiana.
PT Krakatau Steel (Persero) Tbk is the largest steel maker in Indonesia, headquartered in Cilegon, Banten. The factory is set on a 280-hectare (700-acre) plot in the western end of Banten and adjacent to the Sunda Strait, and where the Krakatoa volcano and island from which the company takes its name are located.
JSW Ispat Steel Ltd (JISL) was an Indian company with operations in iron, steel, mining, energy and infrastructure. It was set up as Nippon Denro Ispat Limited in May 1984 by founding chairman M. L. Mittal. It was listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange of India until 2013 when it was merged with JSW Steel. It was headquartered in Mumbai and employed about 3,000 people.
The MMK Metallurgy is a multi-national steelmaking company established 2007 in Iskenderun, southern Turkey. Company's main plant, located in Dörtyol, began production in 2011 after three years of construction time. The total investment is worth of $2.7 billion.
The Gary Works is a major steel mill in Gary, Indiana, on the shore of Lake Michigan. For many years, the Gary Works was the world's largest steel mill, and it remains the largest integrated mill in North America. It is operated by U.S. Steel.
The Mon Valley Works–Irvin Plant is a steel processing plant operated by U.S. Steel and historically a "hot strip mill" in the Pittsburgh suburb of West Mifflin, Pennsylvania. The site consists of 650 acres on a hilltop 250 feet above the Monongahela Valley. The plant has an annual capacity of 2.9 million net tons of steel from an 80″ hot strip mill, 64″ and 84″ Pickle lines, 84″ five-stand cold reduction mill, continuous annealing line, batch and open-coil annealing facilities, 84″ temper mill, 52″ hot-dip galvanizing line and a 48″ hot-dip galvanizing line, as well as the #11 Shear Line and #17 Recoil line.
International Steels Limited is a Pakistani company which manufactures cold rolled, galvanized and color coated steel coils and sheets. It is based in Karachi, Pakistan.
The Columbia Steel Company, sometimes shortened to Columbia Steel, is an American steel company headquartered in the state of Oregon. It had its origins in 1901, but did not officially organize under its current name until 1909.
