Routine outcome measurement

Last updated

Routine outcome measurement (ROM), also known as routine outcome monitoring, refers to the systematic tracking of client progress during psychotherapy using a standardized self-report inventory or rating scale. [1] Therapists administer brief outcome measures at regular intervals (e.g. each session or monthly) to quantify symptoms, functioning, or well-being. The goal is to use this feedback to inform treatment decisions, tailor interventions, and promptly address issues if a patient is not improving as expected. [2]

Contents

Effects on treatment

Research studies and literature reviews have examined the impact of routine outcome measurement on psychotherapy effectiveness. [3] [4] Overall, the evidence from literature reviews suggests that integrating ROM with feedback to clinicians can modestly improve treatment outcomes, with especially notable benefits for clients at risk of poor outcomes. [5] [6] [7] [8] For example, a 2012 systematic review [9] of 45 randomized controlled trials covering psychotherapy in mental health settings reported generally positive effects of ROM with feedback. [10]

Frequently used outcome measures

A variety of standardized questionnaires are used for routine outcome measurement in psychotherapy. Five of the most frequently cited outcome measures include:

References

  1. "Evaluation of the National Mental Health Strategy: Final Report" . PsycEXTRA Dataset. 1997. doi:10.1037/e676382010-001 . Retrieved 2025-02-14.
  2. Gondek, Dawid; Edbrooke-Childs, Julian; Fink, Elian; Deighton, Jessica; Wolpert, Miranda (2016). "Feedback from Outcome Measures and Treatment Effectiveness, Treatment Efficiency, and Collaborative Practice: A Systematic Review". Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research. 43 (3): 325–343. doi:10.1007/s10488-015-0710-5. PMC   4831994 . PMID   26744316.
  3. Tarescavage, Anthony M.; Ben-Porath, Yossef S. (2014). "Psychotherapeutic Outcomes Measures: A Critical Review for Practitioners: Evaluating Outcome Measures" . Journal of Clinical Psychology. 70 (9): 808–830. doi:10.1002/jclp.22080. PMID   24652811.
  4. Carlier, Ingrid V.E.; Meuldijk, Denise; Van Vliet, Irene M.; Van Fenema, Esther; Van der Wee, Nic J.A.; Zitman, Frans G. (2012). "Routine outcome monitoring and feedback on physical or mental health status: evidence and theory" . Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. 18 (1): 104–110. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01543.x. PMID   20846319.
  5. Whipple, Jason L.; Lambert, Michael J. (2011-04-27). "Outcome Measures for Practice" . Annual Review of Clinical Psychology. 7 (1): 87–111. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-040510-143938. ISSN   1548-5943. PMID   21166536.
  6. Knaup, Carina; Koesters, Markus; Schoefer, Dorothea; Becker, Thomas; Puschner, Bernd (2009). "Effect of feedback of treatment outcome in specialist mental healthcare: meta-analysis". British Journal of Psychiatry. 195 (1): 15–22. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.108.053967. ISSN   0007-1250. PMID   19567889.
  7. Boswell, James F.; Kraus, David R.; Miller, Scott D.; Lambert, Michael J. (2013-07-26). "Implementing routine outcome monitoring in clinical practice: Benefits, challenges, and solutions" . Psychotherapy Research. 25 (1): 6–19. doi:10.1080/10503307.2013.817696. ISSN   1050-3307. PMID   23885809.
  8. Solstad, Stig Magne; Cooper, Mick; Sundet, Rolf; Moltu, Christian (2023-11-22). "Effects and experiences of idiographic patient-reported outcome measures for feedback in psychotherapy: A systematic review and secondary analysis of the empirical literature". Psychotherapy Research. 35 (1): 125–138. doi: 10.1080/10503307.2023.2283528 . ISSN   1050-3307. PMID   37990817.
  9. Carlier, I. V.; Meuldijk, D.; Van Vliet, I. M.; Van Fenema, E.; Van Der Wee, N. J.; Zitman, F. G. (2012). "Routine outcome monitoring and feedback on physical or mental health status: Evidence and theory". Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. 18 (1): 104–110. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01543.x. PMID   20846319.
  10. Carlier, Ingrid V.E.; Meuldijk, Denise; Van Vliet, Irene M.; Van Fenema, Esther; Van der Wee, Nic J.A.; Zitman, Frans G. (2012). "Routine outcome monitoring and feedback on physical or mental health status: evidence and theory" . Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. 18 (1): 104–110. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01543.x. ISSN   1356-1294. PMID   20846319.
  11. Beck, Aaron T.; Steer, R. A.; Brown, G. (1996). "Beck Depression Inventory–II" . PsycTESTS Dataset. doi:10.1037/t00742-000 . Retrieved 2025-02-14.
  12. Richter, Paul; Werner, Joachim; Heerlein, Andrés; Kraus, Alfred; Sauer, Heinrich (1998). "On the Validity of the Beck Depression Inventory" . Psychopathology. 31 (3): 160–168. doi:10.1159/000066239. ISSN   0254-4962. PMID   9636945.
  13. https://www.apa.org/pi/about/publications/caregivers/practice-settings/assessment/tools/beck-depression
  14. Derogatis, Leonard R. (2000), "SCL-90-R." , Encyclopedia of psychology, Vol. 7., New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 192–193, doi:10.1037/10522-079, ISBN   1-55798-656-8 , retrieved 2025-02-14
  15. Gomez, Rapson; Stavropoulos, Vasileios; Zarate, Daniel; Palikara, Olympia (2021-03-12). Cerniglia, Luca (ed.). "Symptom Checklist-90-Revised: A structural examination in relation to family functioning". PLOS ONE. 16 (3): e0247902. Bibcode:2021PLoSO..1647902G. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247902 . ISSN   1932-6203. PMC   7954339 . PMID   33711019.
  16. Horowitz, Leonard M.; Rosenberg, Saul E.; Baer, Barbara A.; Ureño, Gilbert; Villaseñor, Valerie S. (1988). "Inventory of interpersonal problems: Psychometric properties and clinical applications". Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 56 (6): 885–892. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.56.6.885. PMID   3204198.
  17. Horowitz, Leonard M.; Rosenberg, Saul E.; Baer, Barbara A.; Ureño, Gilbert (1988). "Inventory of interpersonal problems: Psychometric properties and clinical applications". Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 56 (6): 885–892. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.56.6.885. PMID   3204198.
  18. Stern, Barry L.; Kim, Yookyung; Trull, Timothy J.; Scarpa, Angela; Pilkonis, Paul (2000). "Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Personality Disorder Scales: Operating Characteristics and Confirmatory Factor Analysis in Nonclinical Samples" . Journal of Personality Assessment. 74 (3): 459–471. doi:10.1207/S15327752JPA7403_9. PMID   10900572.
  19. Renner, Fritz; Jarrett, Robin B.; Vittengl, Jeffrey R.; Barrett, Marna S.; Clark, Lee Anna; Thase, Michael E. (2012). "Interpersonal problems as predictors of therapeutic alliance and symptom improvement in cognitive therapy for depression". Journal of Affective Disorders. 138 (3): 458–467. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.044. PMC   3306447 . PMID   22306232.
  20. Lambert, Michael J.; Hansen, Nathan B.; Finch, Arthur E. (2001). "Patient-focused research: Using patient outcome data to enhance treatment effects" . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 69 (2): 159–172. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.69.2.159. ISSN   1939-2117. PMID   11393594.
  21. Whipple, Jason L.; Lambert, Michael J.; Vermeersch, David A.; Smart, David W.; Nielsen, Stevan L.; Hawkins, Eric J. (2003). "Improving the effects of psychotherapy: The use of early identification of treatment and problem-solving strategies in routine practice" . Journal of Counseling Psychology. 50 (1): 59–68. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.50.1.59.
  22. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2025-73823-001
  23. Li, Xu; Carney, Jalen J.; Rousmaniere, Tony; Fineman, Ben; Vaz, Alexandre (2025-01-27). "The "magic" of looking at that score: A multilevel investigation of therapist review of client symptom measures and client clinical outcome" . Journal of Counseling Psychology. 72 (2): 192–200. doi:10.1037/cou0000781. ISSN   1939-2168. PMID   39869719.
  24. "CORE Measurement Tools (CORE-10)".
  25. Barkham, Michael; Mellor-Clark, John; Connell, Janice; Cahill, Jane (2006). "A core approach to practice-based evidence: A brief history of the origins and applications of the CORE-OM and CORE System" . Counselling and Psychotherapy Research. 6 (1): 3–15. doi:10.1080/14733140600581218.
  26. Barkham Chris Evans Frank Margison, Michael (1998). "The rationale for developing and outcome batteriesfor routine use in service settings and psychotherapy outcome research implementing core" . Journal of Mental Health. 7 (1): 35–47. doi:10.1080/09638239818328. ISSN   0963-8237.
  27. Zeldovich, Marina; Alexandrowicz, Rainer W. (2019). "Comparing outcomes: The Clinical Outcome in Routine Evaluation from an international point of view". International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research. 28 (3): e1774. doi:10.1002/mpr.1774. ISSN   1049-8931. PMC   6849827 . PMID   30779267.